Until now, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has not found a cure or vaccine, so one of the prevention is to break the chain of transmission of this disease. Phyllanthus niruri L is a wild plant that can live in moist and rocky places. This plant has the ability to cure hepatitis, anti-mosquito, anti-inflammatory, fever, launching urine, expectorant, launching menstruation and increasing appetite. This research aims to determine the biolarvaside and LC50 and LC90 values of the Phyllanthus niruri L herbal extract against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Three hundred instar mosquito larvae III were put into each container containing the treatment determined P0 = without administration of extract, P1 = given abate 1% (Control +), P2 = given Ethanol Extract Herb Phyllanthus niruri 25% concentration, P3 = Given Ethanol Extract Herba Phyllanthus niruri concentration of 50% and P4 = Given Ethanol Extract Herba Phyllanthus niruri concentration of 75%. Each container is filled with 20 larvae. Observation of the larvicidal activity of the ethanol extract of the herb Phyllanthus niruri L was carried out at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. Data from observations of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae mortality were then analyzed using ANOVA. To determine the value of LC50 and LC90 extract of Phyllanthus niruri L, it was analyzed using probit analysis. The results showed that the calculated F value was 281,558 with a F probability of 0,000 (p <0.05), which means that the ethanol extract of the herb Phyllanthus niruri L affected the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. LC50 value of 2.644% with an upper limit of 1.040 and a lower limit of 3.674. While the LC90 value of 5.772% with an upper limit of 4.424 and a lower limit of 12.042.
The process of apoptosis is an integrated process between external and internal factors involving several enzymes (Caspase-9, -8, -7, -6, -3) that act as major players in the process of apoptosis. This research aims to determine the potential of brown algae methanol extract Sargassum duplicatum against inhibition of apoptosis of liver cells of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei through the expression of caspase-3. Mice weighing 20–30 grams in Plasmodium berghei infection as much as 0.1 ml per head and left until the percent of parasitemia reaches 1-5%. Then mice (Mus musculus) were given methanol extract of Sargassum duplicatum seaweed at a dose of 1 gr / 100 ml, 10 gr / 100 ml, 100, gr / 100 ml, and 200 gr / 100 ml for 4 consecutive days and observed until day 6. After that, a histological preparation was made with immunohistochemistry staining to see the expression of caspase-3. The results of the observations will be analyzed descriptively. The results showed that Sargassum duplicatum methanol extract was able to inhibit liver cell apoptosis in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. The decrease in Caspase-3 expression in this study is thought to be caused because the brown algae Sargassum duplicatum contains flavonoid compounds, tannins, and saponins which can reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokine caspase-3 through the role of NF-kB which is a transcription factor that plays a role in stimulating and coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses.
Diabetes mellitus has to do with male fertility, a hormone disorder that affects spermatogenesis. This study aims to determine the effect of cinnamon bark methanol extract (Cinnamomum burmani) on the quality of diabetes mellitus mice spermatozoa. This study used a complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 repeats. 22 mice were divided into 4 groups. Mice have injected with streptozotocin dose of 0.1 mL and observed blood sugar levels were, if sugar levels increased, they are given cinnamon bark methanol extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg BB and 500 mg/kg BB, and blood sugar levels are measured. After that, the mice are dissected for observation of spermatozoa's morphology, viability, and motility after administration of the extract. The results showed that cinnamon bark methanol extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg BB and 500 mg/kg BB can reduce the number of abnormal spermatozoa and increase the viability and motility of diabetes mellitus mice spermatozoa. This indicates that cinnamon bark extract as an antioxidant has a positive effect in maintaining structure and development, as well as the function of spermatogenesis cells so that in the presence of these active substances, the number of seed cells that experience developmental failure, degeneration, death due to free radicals can be suppressed or reduced.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that can quickly increase the prevalence of complications in sufferers, such as liver damage. This study aims to examine the effect of methanol extract cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii Bl) in regenerating liver cell damage mice (Mus musculus) Diabetes Mellitus through the histological picture. 20 mice were divided into 5 groups which consisted of a negative control group, Positive control and a group of mice that were given methanol extract bark Cinnamomum burmannii dose of 125 mg/head/day, 250 mg/head/Day and 500 mg/head/day. In the positive control group and the group of mice that will be given extract streptozotocin injected dose of 0.2 ml and observed blood sugar levels if sugar levels have increased then given methanol extract bark Cinnamomum burmannii with a dose that has been determined and blood sugar levels were measured. On the last day, surgery is performed to remove the liver, after which histological preparations are made. The results showed that the administration of bark extract Cinnamomum burmanii can regenerate damaged liver cells of mice due to diabetes mellitus. This is due to the content of secondary metabolite compounds contained in the bark of Cinnamomum burmannii.
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