The times and patterns of feeding of 1,366 bluegill in two heated reservoirs of Texas were studied by the “points” method for over a year. Fish were collected on alternate hours from an electric power plant discharge canal and an open‐water station in each reservoir over 24‐hour periods. Both average index of fullness of the stomachs and average points per fish showed a similar diel pattern of feeding. The fish were largely diurnal feeders with a nocturnal component. The stomachs contained least food during the period from 0200 h to 0800 h. Feeding increased after sunrise, and the fish showed a minor peak by 0900‐1000 h and a major peak by 1800‐1900 h. A gradual decline in food volume began after 1900 h and continued until 2200 h, followed by a sharp decline at 2300 h. A diverse range of food organisms was consumed by the fish during the daylight hours. Planktonic crustaceans and nonaquatic organisms were rarely found in the stomachs of the fish taken at night. In the discharge‐canal fish, 75% fullness of the stomachs occurred by 0900 h, but in fish from the open waters, comparable stomach fullness did not occur until 1400‐1600 h.
The food habits of the mudskipper, Pseudapocryptrs dentatus (Val.) ranging from 43 to 205 mm in total length collected from the mudflats at Fao estuary, Iraq were studied. A combination of numerical, frequency occurrence and gravimetric methods was used to analysc the stomach contents, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The fish was found to be a strict herbivore and a frequent feeder. It fed solely on phytoplankton dominated by benthic forms. Diatoms were the most important food item in respect ofboth numerical and frequency occurrence methods comprising about 84% of the total number of phytoplankton organisms. The types of phytoplankton that contributed significantly to the diet were, in decreasing order of importance, Pleurosigma, Navicuh, Nitzschia, Synrdra, Closteriopsis and Oscillatoria. Larger fish had consumed lesser amount of food, and there was usually a gradual decrease in consumption with increase in size. The mudskipper consumed food ranging from 1-3 to 105% ofits body weight.
Diel fluctuations of temperature, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, total alkalinity and chlorosity in the Shatt al-Arab River and the Ashar Canal at Basrah, Iraq were studied. The study covered three 24-hour periods in three different months. Appreciable diurnal changes in the physieo-chemical conditions and considerable heterogeneity were noted at the three stations selected. The ranges of diurnal differences between maximum and minimum values of all the parameters studied are provided stationwise.
The results of the studies on the seasonal patterns of feeding of 203 Lube0 rohira (Ham.) taken by cast and seine net for one year from a Bangladesh pond are presented. Studies were based on the frequency of occurrence and the points method. A change in the volume of food with change of seasons was noted. The amounts of food eaten were greater for the warmer than for other months and very low during winter indicating an upturn in late spring with a higher level continuing during the summer.Organic detritus formed the bulk of the gut contents throughout the study period. On a seasonal basis, phytoplankton and aquatic macrophytes were the group of organisms frequently ingested but the former was more important. Animal food was scarce but appreciable quantities of sand and mud were found.
A study on the diurnal feeding cycle of the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) from the Ashar Canal, Shatt-al-Arab at Basrah was carried out. The stomachs of the fish contained food almost throughout the 24-hour period. Botb average index of fullness of the stomachs and the average points showed two peaks in the feeding cycle of the fish-•one at 0500 h and the other at 1700 h. Thirty-three kinds of food organisms were found in the stomachs of the fish. Aquatic plants formed the major bulk of the diet. The next important foods were entomostracans, aquatic insects, fish parts, molluscs and nonaquatic organisms.The feeding chronology of freshwater fishes has received considerable attention during recent times (Childers and Shoemaker
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