Littering is a widespread problem that has negative consequences for the wellbeing of society and has been discussed in a wide range of subject areas. However, the lack of a unified understanding of the literature on littering presents an opportunity for a synthesis of the literature. This systematic review integrated the findings from 70 journal articles spanning 48 years. The articles were analysed for use of theories, models, methods, locations of study, variables and study findings. The researchers also undertook a content analysis of the literature to understand the evolution of approaches across time. The findings show that situational and psychological factors have often been studied using the ‘Focus Theory of Normative Conduct’ and the ‘Integrative Behaviour Model’. However, the findings have been inconsistent, with varying results for some of the situational, psychological and administrative factors. The content analysis identified that the literature from 1971 to 2006 was mostly confined to developed countries (80%) with the majority of studies examining situational and psychological factors. The gaps in the literature provided a basis for proposing five future research directions including the development of social marketing interventions by improving the theoretical groundings of previous works. As littering is consumer behaviour, it is also important to investigate the role of businesses as an integral part of the consumer exchange process to assist in improving the situation. The detailed future research directions and the conclusions of the review are presented.

Employees are claimed to be one the important strategic key asset of organization. In today's competitive world, departing of the skilled employees is immense dilemma for organizations especially at managerial level.Organizations not have only bear the cost of hiring and training of these mangers but also these managers act as intellectual capital as they possess knowledge and information of the key strategic areas. This study attempts to study the factors such as self-efficacy, work environment and workplace bullying behavior which governs the psychological patterns of employees in an organization. This paper studied behavioral factors of employees not only proves to be the reason for financial benefits of organization but also become a source of retaining skilled employees within organization which was referred to as relationship continuity in this paper. Structural Equation modeling technique is used to analyze the behavioral pattern of employees of Textile mills from Multan Region through Purposive sampling technique with resulting in 552 respondents. Thus, results from the study enfolded interesting insights identifying the factors which can be a source to improve and retain the skilled labor of the organization and utilizing them for creating the organizational image.Keywords: self efficacy, work place bulling behavior and work environment, relationship continuity, relationship quality

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Customer satisfaction is what we look for when developing marketing strategy. The present study utilized the method of survey research to test hypothesis regarding brand love, a recent concept in marketing that determines the bond of satisfied consumers with certain brands. The findings indicate that the affection of satisfied consumers is more towards brands that offer greater hedonic value in comparison to utilitarian ones and towards those brands which give more symbolic utility. Positive word-of-mouth and enhanced degree of brand loyalty are connected to brand love. The study also revealed that satisfied consumers have tendency to involve in enhanced positive wordof-mouth regarding brands which are self-expressive and show less commitment to brands having product categories with greater hedonic value. This study is important for marketing academicians as it has introduced a multiple item measure of brand love construct and has also improved our apprehension regarding this concept. Future implications are also discussed. It's been more than 50 years now that 'satisfaction' has been the most important target of marketing strategy. However, recently this trend has moved further from just satisfaction to elaborate differentiation strategic behaviour of consumer (e.g.

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