Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is most likely one of the most successful surgical procedures in medicine. It is estimated that three in four patients live beyond the first post-operative year, so appropriate surgery is needed to alleviate an otherwise long-standing suboptimal functional level. However, research has shown that during a complete THA procedure, a solid hip implant inserted in the femur can damage the main arterial supply of the cortex and damage the medullary space, leading to cortical bone resorption. Therefore, this study aimed to design a porous hip implant with a focus on providing more space for better osteointegration, improving the medullary revascularisation and blood circulation of patients. Based on a review of the literature, a lightweight implant design was developed by applying topology optimisation and changing the materials of the implant. Gyroid and Voronoi lattice structures and a solid hip implant (as a control) were designed. In total, three designs of hip implants were constructed by using SolidWorks and nTopology software version 2.31. Point loads were applied at the x, y and z-axis to imitate the stance phase condition. The forces represented were x = 320 N, y = −170 N, and z = −2850 N. The materials that were used in this study were titanium alloys. All of the designs were then simulated by using Marc Mentat software version 2020 (MSC Software Corporation, Munich, Germany) via a finite element method. Analysis of the study on topology optimisation demonstrated that the Voronoi lattice structure yielded the lowest von Mises stress and displacement values, at 313.96 MPa and 1.50 mm, respectively, with titanium alloys as the materials. The results also indicate that porous hip implants have the potential to be implemented for hip implant replacement, whereby the mechanical integrity is still preserved. This result will not only help orthopaedic surgeons to justify the design choices, but could also provide new insights for future studies in biomechanics.

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Undeniably, Facebook has become a significant part of students’ life in the 21st century. Therefore, interactions between instructors and students play a major role in learning through an online social learning environment like Facebook. Such an interaction is known as the key elements that can measure students’ learning process, particularly in an online learning environment. Past researchers have agreed that a social networking site does not only promote social interaction but also have high potential to be used for teaching and learning purposes. However, interactions that occur in social networking sites are meaningless due to lack of proper guidance. Lack of proper guidance will lead to no or little intellectual growth among students because the students might be very likely to discuss unrelated topics. Therefore, the goal of this study is to discuss the social interactions that exist in Facebook and its potential as a platform to enhance meaningful learning among students.

Digital smart board is one of interactive technology tools which has been used widely in schools to facilitate teaching and learning. Empirical evidence shows that digital smart board allows students to construct their knowledge while mastering more advanced thinking skills. Thus integration of digital smart board facilitates active learning, which is fundamental to mastery of skills. Active learning using smart board program is a program which integrates smart board in Data Handling so that primary school students can learn Data Handling concept actively and meaningfully. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of active learning using smart board program to enhance primary school students’ learning. Five experts in teaching Mathematics Education and thirty year five students were involved in this study. The students were selected based on purposive sampling. This study used both quantitative and qualitative research approach. A set of interview protocol and a set of questionnaire were used during the data collection phase. Findings from the questionnaire were analysed based on descriptive and inferential statistics by using Winsteps Version 3.72.3. In addition, thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Findings from the study indicate that active learning using smart board program has the attributes which can effectively enhance primary school students’ learning. It is hoped that the results from this study can contribute towards development of active learning strategies, methods or activities using smart board in order to enhance primary students’ learning in school.

Natural fibres have been known of its good acoustic damping properties and therefore, these materials could be used as a sound insulation in many applications. The main purpose of this investigation is to analyze the sound absorption coefficient of sugarcane baggase fibre, banana fibre and its hybrid based composites under various fibre volume fractions. Bone dry test specimens of 10%, 20% and 30% fibre volume fraction were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) prior to composites fabrication using polyester as binder. The pre-tested specimens were examined using scanning electron microscope and electronic analytical balance to analyze physical and dimension characteristic. The sound absorption frequencies were measured using by the two-microphone transfer function technique in the impedance tube that has a 100 mm diameter for low frequency and 28 mm for high frequency, 0 Hz to 4000 Hz respectively. The result indicated that in low and high frequency, the combination of different natural fibres produced better sound absorption coefficient rather than using the natural fibre as individual. The results also demonstrated that the higher amounts of fibre volume fraction are affecting frequencies broadening, hence promising better sound absorbing capacity.