Osteoporosis is a bone disorder characterized by the decrease of bone mass along with bone micro-architecture damage and has a risk become a fracture. One of the causes of osteoporosis is estrogen deficiency. Genistein is a phytoestrogen compound in the isoflavone group containing a similar structure compared to 17β-estradiol, thus it can bind to estrogen receptors and produce an estrogenic effect. Genistein induction can stimulate bone formation and promote the increase of alkaline phosphate (ALP) activities in osteoblast cells which can be observed by immunocytochemistry or Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) or Western blot method. Using the PRISMA guideline technique, choose and strategize article searches by reading the title, abstract, and then the whole text of the article. Articles with the keywords "genistein or osteoblast cells or alkaline phosphate or immunocytochemistry or immunofluorescence or ELISA or western blot" were retrieved from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Researchgate, and Sciencedirect. 24 relevant research articles were uncovered as a result of this systematic review. Comparison of immunocytochemistry and ELISA methods in order to analyze the activities of ALP in osteoblast induced by genistein includes selectivity, sensitivity, processing time, and cost efficiency parameters. The immunocytochemistry method has a higher level of sensitivity and a faster processing time, whereas the ELISA method has a higher level of selectivity and less cost efficiency. The western blot method has selectivity for detecting complex-level protein expression.
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the Implementation of the Integrated Service Policy for Port Services to Support the Empowerment of the Maritime Defense Area. The port's function is to support the smoothness, security, and orderliness of the flow of ship, passenger, and ship traffic or goods, sailing safety and security, intra-and/or inter-modal movement places and encouraging the national and regional economy while taking into account regional spatial planning. Theoretical framework: This study discusses several theoretical frameworks which include Policy Implementation, Integrated Port Services, and Empowerment of Maritime Defense Areas. The theory of Public Policy Implementation is used for establishes a communication model and implementation analysis, with a very strong emphasis on what influences the acceptance or rejection of messages across layers of government and the inhibiting and enabling factors. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with research analysis on policy implementation consisting of the content of policy and context of implementation, where existing services involve many interests and port management. Data analysis techniques using qualitative descriptive analysis followed four stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation as well as conclusions and verification. Findings: The results of the research are: 1) The performance process of loading and unloading activities at the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya to support the empowerment of the maritime dimension defense area has been going well, 2) Performance results loading and unloading activities at Tanjung Perak Port in Surabaya to support the empowerment of the maritime dimension defense area have been carried out properly and can accommodate all port institutions, 3) There are supporting factors for the implementation of Integrated Service Policy, the existence of regulations that support the implementation of Service policies, 4) There are inhibiting factors, namely the absence of a central decision-making institution, Separate Container locations, Suboptimal Guidance Shipping Channels. Research, practical & social implications: The benefits obtained in this study are obtaining the most appropriate policy model namely The Integrated Port Policy for Excellent Service (IPPSE) and High Technology-Based Port Area Synergy Regulations to improve Service Security and Convenience at the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya to support the maritime dimension defense area. Originality/Value: The value of this study stems from its handling of one of the important sectors, namely the Port service industry sector and regional empowerment in Indonesian maritime defense because this sector is considered the most important and effective in the economic development.
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