The present study deals with the preliminary ill vivo screening of suramin and Ievamisole 1Il rei-Setaria cervi system with special reference to the histochemical changes in the adult worms caused by the drugs. Levamisole proved to be highly effective as a micro-and macro-filaricidal agent. It also appears to be interfering with the normal activity of alkaline phosphatase and' glycogen of the adult worms with no apparent effect on its protein content. The drug also causes irreversible paralysis in adult worms. Suramin, though an active pharmacological agent, proved to be completely ineffective 011 microfilariae as wcll as on adult worms of Setaria cervi. Consequently, no notable alterations in the histochemistry of the parasite following suramin treatment were observed.
Paramphistomum is a member of the family paramhistomatidae which constitutes one of the most common and abundant groups of digenetic trematodes of domesticated livestock, especially in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The disease paramhistomiasis caused massive infection of the small intestines with immature paramphistomes, characterized by sporadic epizootic outbreaks of acute parasitic gastroenteritis with high morbidity and mortality ABSTRACT Sheep (Ovis aries) is infected with a variety of gastrointestinal helminths , of which notably Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum cervi are prominent and pathogen causing a lot of morbidity and mortality (Mukherjee and Chauhan, 1965). Immature stages of P. cervi are highly pathogenic (Horak 1971) but the routine parasitological diagnosis is difficult, under the circumstances immunological test applied to the present study, is aimed at investigating the relative immunodiagnostic reliability and sensitivity of the Ouchterlony gel diffusion test and ELISA in paramphistomiasis.Sheep blood was collected at the local abattoir naturally infected with Paramphistomum cervi. Using somatic antigen of whole worms derived from P.cervi was prepared by homogenisation, sonication and centrifugation at 10,000 r pm for 20 minutes at 4 o C. Rabbits were immunized with the antigen mixed with Freunds complete adjuvant (1:1 ratio) for raising hyperimmune sera. Blood was collected at regular intervals by puncturing ear vein of the rabbit. The naturally infected sheep sera were also collected from the slaughter houses. The Ouchterlony test and ELISA were found to be positive as early as 2-4 th weeks post-infection. By gel diffusion test, two precipitation bands were observed, and at 6 th -8 th weeks of post infection by ELISA. An indirect ELISA standardized for detection of anti-Paramphistomum antibodies using antigen concentration of 2µg / ml was used on coating buffer. Indirect ELISA revealed antibody titre as high as 1: 12,800 in rabbit sera where as in sheep sera 1: 6400.
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