Gastric volvulus is a rare entity defined as an abnormal rotation of the stomach around itself. It is a diagnosis of exclusion; the clinical index of suspicion is always low and is mostly diagnosed on imaging or on the surgery table. When it occurs, it is an emergency due to the risk of strangulation and consequent gangrene of the stomach. Mesentero-axial (MA) gastric volvuli constitute one-third of all cases. Here, we are present an interesting case of acute MA gastric volvulus diagnosed with imaging and treated subsequently.

As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, changing definitions and therapeutics regarding the post-acute sequela of COVID-19, particularly long COVID, have become a subject of great interest and study. The study aims to describe the pathophysiology and discuss different therapeutic agents currently available for long COVID. Another objective is to assess comparative efficacy between different types of vaccines on symptoms of long COVID. A preliminary search was conducted using Ovid Medline, Embase, medRxiv, and NIH COVID-19 portfolios. A total of 16 studies were included in our review. Despite some of the data showing variable results, most of the vaccinated patients reported improvement in long COVID symptoms with no significant difference between various types of vaccines. Further trials are needed to better identify the comparative efficacy of vaccines for long COVID and ascertain other therapeutic modalities.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection primarily involves the respiratory system but has many noteworthy extra pulmonary manifestations as well. We write this review to highlight the basis of some pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 infection-induced endocrine dysfunction. Different scientific databases and institutional websites were searched to collect and consolidate the most up-to-date data relating to COVID-19 infection and endocrine systems. Hypopituitarism, central diabetes insipidus, SIADH, thyroid abnormalities, hyperglycemia, adrenal insufficiency, orchitis and alteration in sperm morphology have been reported in case reports of patients with COVID-19 infection. Data focusing on COVID-19 vaccination was also searched to summarize the effect, if any, on the endocrine system. Endocrinopathies noted post COVID-19 vaccination, including cases of adrenal hemorrhage, new onset Type II Diabetes Mellitus and subacute thyroiditis, are also discussed in this review. This review calls attention to the misinformation relating to COVID-19 vaccination with supposed endocrine effects such as infertility and problems with pregnancy. Rebutting these misconceptions can help increase compliance and maximize COVID-19 vaccination to the public.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has become a global pandemic. Apart from the mild features of the disease, long-term complications involve many systems including both endocrine and cardiovascular systems. Myocarditis, secondary to COVID-19, has become a well-known complication of the disease. However, endocrine complications are generally not common, particularly isolated pituitary abnormalities. There is one other report of diabetes insipidus developing as a late sequela of COVID-19. In this article, we report a case of a young male who presented with features of myocarditis but developed diabetes insipidus on day 7 of admission as a long-term complication after recovery from COVID-19 infection. His laboratory test results at the time of developing the complication revealed a high serum sodium level and low urine osmolality. The patient recovered on administration of desmopressin and was discharged after 16 days of hospitalization.

Malakoplakia is an unusual acquired granulomatous disease that can affect many systems including urogenital tract. It presents a huge diagnostic challenge as it can mimic malignancy. We report a 55-year diabetic woman who presented with history of macroscopic hematuria and right flank pain. On investigations, ultrasound of kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) showed right hydronephroureter, and CT KUB showed right moderate hydronephroureter and right ureteric stone. Endoscopic examination revealed multiple white plaques involving urinary bladder and right ureter. The diagnosis of malakoplakia was based on microscopic findings that are specific for its diagnosis.

Biliary duct hamartomas are benign intrahepatic bile duct lesions. Despite being primarily incidental findings on imaging, these lesions can provide a diagnostic conundrum due to their shared characteristics with malignant tumors. The goal of this systematic review is to offer a thorough clinical profile of biliary duct hamartomas. There were 139 cases of biliary duct hamartomas identified in a structured systematic review of the literature. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, significant laboratory and imaging data, diagnostic modalities, treatment choices, and outcomes were all studied and reported. Biliary duct hamartomas present with mild symptoms and laboratory abnormalities, and while being visible on imaging, the results are non-specific and may require biopsy in case of red flag signs such as weight loss and a progressive increase in the size of the lesion. Furthermore, there are currently no published guidelines for the treatment of biliary duct hamartomas, and many people have had surgery despite the clinically benign nature of these abnormalities. As per the findings of the study, individuals who exhibit signs of malignancy should be investigated further. Eyeballing for red flag symptoms, followed by a specialized imaging scan and invasive treatment, is the three-step approach to biliary duct hamartomas. Since our recommendations include a shift in strategy and do not contradict existing rules, there are likely to be few roadblocks to improvement; the key barriers being technological equipment and image quality. In this study, we intended to pave the way for future research in the field. In our opinion, the next decade will bring a better understanding of the characteristics of biliary hamartomas, disease symptoms, and better recognition of any suspicious features. These indications will aid in reducing the number of unneeded surgical or invasive operations. Finally, the findings of these future studies will allow the medical community to improve and provide the best care possible.

Mononeuritis multiplex (MM) is a common variant of a peripheral neuropathy which is characterized by neurological discrepancies that afflict two noncontiguous nerve systems. It is mostly associated with systemic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus, vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and paraneoplastic syndromes. Lymphoma is a common antecedent to paraneoplastic syndromes that cause peripheral neuropathies but a specific presentation of MM is a rare predicament per our literature analysis.

I n d e x e d i n P u b M e d , W e b o f S c i e n c e a n d S c o p u s Yasemin Yuyucu Karabulut, et al.; The role of COL6A1 and PD-1 expressions in renal cell carcinoma.