The present work is a numerical simulation of velocity and mixture fraction fields in a turbulent non-reaction Propane jet flow issuing into parallel co-flowing air, in isothermal condition which has been experimentally described here: http://www.sandia.gov/TNF/DataArch/ProJet.html. The objective is a better understanding of the flow structure and mixing process, a situation in which there is no chemical interaction and heat-transfer. The two-equation Realizable k-ε eddy viscosity turbulence model has been used to simulate the turbulent flow field on a 2D plane (i.e., on a 5-degree sector of the experimental domain), because Realizable k-ε more accurately predicts the spreading rate of both planar and round jets and presents the best proficiency in comparison with all versions of the k-ε models. Afterward, axial and radial profiles of mean velocities, turbulence energy, mean mixture fraction, the mixture fraction half radius (Lf), and the mass flux diagram have been numerically elicited for grid independent mesh (mesh B) and compared with corresponding experimental data to assess the numerical model. To obtain turbulence kinetic energy, k, due to lack of w' in the experimental data, the assumption of w'=v' seems to be valid. Simulations have demonstrated that mean mixture fraction (at radial profiles at locations x/D=0, 4, 15, 30 and 50) and its half radius, Lf, which characterizes jet width expanse, are prominently well-captured; Moreover, mean vertical velocity fields (in X-direction: Umean) have revealed less accuracy but still conspicuously well-captured. However, mean vertical velocity fields (in Y-direction: Vmean) have disclosed less resolution; Likewise, turbulence kinetic energy, k, have manifested moderate accuracy (between Umean and Vmean). It should be noticed that although numerical results for absolute pressure, p, have been obtained on aforementioned sections, there were no experimental data to compare with them. Thus, the corresponding numerical data has not been demonstrated in this study.
This research employs computational methods to analyze the velocity and mixture fraction distributions of a non-reacting Propane jet flow that is discharged into parallel co-flowing air under iso-thermal conditions. This study includes a comparison between the numerical results and experimental results obtained from the Sandia Laboratory (USA). The objective is to improve the understanding of flow structure and mixing mechanisms in situations where there is no involvement of chemical reactions or heat transfer. In this experiment, the Realizable k-ε eddy viscosity turbulence model with two equations was utilized to simulate turbulent flow on a nearly 2D plane (specifically, a 5-degree partition of the experimental cylinder domain). This was achieved using OpenFOAM open-source software and swak4Foam utility, with the reactingFoam solver being manipulated carefully. The selection of this turbulence model was based on its superior predictive capability for the spreading rate of both planar and round jets, as compared to other variants of the k-ε models. Numerical axial and radial profiles of different parameters were obtained for a mesh that is independent of the grid (mesh B). These profiles were then compared with experimental data to assess the accuracy of the numerical model. The parameters that are being referred to are mean velocities, turbulence kinetic energy, mean mixture fraction, mixture fraction half radius (Lf), and the mass flux diagram. The validity of the assumption that w߰ = v߰ for the determination of turbulence kinetic energy, k, seems to hold true in situations where experimental data is deficient in w߰. The simulations have successfully obtained the mean mixture fraction and its half radius, Lf, which is a measure of the jet’s width. These values were determined from radial profiles taken at specific locations along the X-axis, including x/D = 0, 4, 15, 30, and 50. The accuracy of the mean vertical velocity fields in the X-direction (Umean) is noticeable, despite being less well-captured. The resolution of mean vertical velocity fields in the Y-direction (Vmean) is comparatively lower. The accuracy of turbulence kinetic energy (k) is moderate when it is within the range of Umean and Vmean. The absence of empirical data for absolute pressure (p) is compensated by the provision of numerical pressure contours.
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