An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotic and garlic powder instead of antibiotic on performance, carcass characteristics, oxidative enzymes and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 200 one-day-old male broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design. The experimental groups were including control group (without any additives) or CG, antibiotic group or AG, garlic powder group or GG, probiotic group or PG and garlic powder plus probiotic group or GPG. The broilers were weighted at the end of days 10, 24 and 42 to evaluate the body performance. At the end of experiment, four broilers randomly selected from each replicate to blood sampling and carcass traits measurement (2 chickens for each one). The use of GG significantly decreased feed intake than AG (p < 0.05) which approved in GPG when probiotic added to GG (p < 0.05). All groups, exception GG showed less feed intake than CG between days 0 to 42 of experiment (p < 0.05). GPG shows significant differences than CG between days 21 to 42 and 0 to 42 and also than GG between days 0 to 42. The use of GG and GPG significantly increased liver enzyme activities (p < 0.05). AG, PG and GPG showed a higher height and width villi than CG. So simultaneous use of probiotic and garlic powder can be a suitable alternative to antibiotics to normal performance and liver function
KeywordsBroiler, interferon gamma, interleukine-1, thymoquinone, tert-butyl hydroperoxide.Submitted: December/2015 Approved: June/2016 ABStRACtAn experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the dietary inclusion of different levels of thymoquinone (TQ) of broilers subjected to oxidative stress or not on the antibody titers against Newcastle disease and on the gene expression of interleukine-1 and interferon gamma. A total of 320 one-day-old broilers was randomly assigned to eight treatments with four replicates of 10 birds each, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of four thymoquinone (TQ) levels (0, 5, 8, or 11 mg/kg body weight) and two levels tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) injection (0 or 0.02 mmol/kg of body weight). Blood samples were collected from two birds per replicate to determine antibody titers against Newcastle disease. At the end of experiment, two birds per replicate were randomly selected, sacrificed and their spleens were collected to evaluate the genes expressioninterleukin-1 and interferon gamma (p<0.05). The dietary inclusion of TQ of broilers subjected or not oxidative stress increased antibody production against Newcastle disease (p<0.05). Both individual and combined dietary inclusion of t-BHP and TQ promote the differentiation and proliferation of spleen cells and the gene expression of interleukin-1 and interferon gamma (p<0.05).
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of graded doses of thymoquinone (TQ) in broiler chickens exposed to oxidative stress on performance, antioxidant capacity and blood biochemical parameters. A total of 320 one-day-old broiler chicks was used in a completely randomized design. Chicks were divided to two groups, 160 chicks exposed to oxidative stress induced by tert-BHP injection (ip, 0.02 mmol per kg body weight) three in week from week 3 of age and 160 chicks as non-stressed. In each group, thymoquinone injection (ip) at 4 doses of 0, 5, 8 and 11 mg per kg body weight (40 chicks for each dose) were done three in week from week 2 of age. Results showed that TQ at dose of 8 mg per kg body weight increased total body gain and feed intake, but at dose of 11 mg per kg body weight improved feed conversion ratio in non-stressed chickens (P<0.05). Administration of TQ significantly increased the enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and decreased cortisol, enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in both non-stressed and stressed chickens. Based on the results of this study, thymoquinone administration at dose of 8 and 11 mg/kg body weight could ameliorate the adverse effect of oxidative stress on growth and enhance the blood antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity. Keywords ÖzetBu çalışma, farklı dozlardaki timokuinon (TQ) kullanımının oksidatif strese maruz bırakılan broiler tavuklardaki performans, antioksidan kapasite ve kan biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yürütüldü. Toplam 320 adet bir günlük broiler civcivler rastgele düzen sistemi içerisinde gruplandırıldı. Civcivler iki gruba ayrılarak 160 civciv haftada üç kez ve 3 haftalıktan itibaren olmak üzere tert-BHP enjeksiyonu (ip. olarak 0.02 mmol her bir kg vücut ağırlık) ile oksidatif strese maruz bırakıldı. Diğer 160 civcive stres uygulanmadı. Her bir grup için timokuinon enjeksiyonu ip. olarak 4 doz halinde (her bir kg vücut ağırlığa 0, 5, 8 ve 11 mg dozlarında -her bir doz için 40 civciv olacak şekilde) haftada üç kez ve 2 haftalıktan itibaren olmak üzere uygulandı. Elde edilen sonuçlar her bir vücut ağırlığa 8 mg dozundaki TQ uygulamasının total vücut ağırlık kazanımını ve yem tüketimini arttırırken her bir vücut ağırlığa 11 mg dozundaki TQ uygulamasının ise yem dönüşüm oranını stres oluşturulmayan civcivlerde geliştirdiğini gösterdi (P<0.05). TQ uygulanması hem stres uygulanan hem de uygulanmayan civcivlerde anlamlı derecede süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT) ve glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx) enzim seviyeleri ile total antioksidan kapasitesini (TAC) artırırken kortizol, alanin aminotransferaz (ALT), alkalin fosfataz (ALP) ve aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) enzim aktiviteleri ile malondialdehit (MDA) seviyesini düşürdü. Çalışmanın sonuçları, her bir kg vücut ağırlığa 8 ve 11 mg dozlarındaki...
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