This study was conducted to evaluate the Physicochemical properties of honey produced in Doyogena and Kachabira districts, of Kembata Tambaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia. For the laboratory evaluation a total of eighteen (18) honey samples were collected. Of the total of 18 honey samples, 12 (6 from highland and 6 from midland) were purposively taken directly from the beekeepers from frame beehives and 6 honey samples were randomly taken from six retailor shops. The main parameters analyzed were color, moisture, electrical conductivity, ash, reducing sugar, fructose to glucose ratio, glucose to water ratio, fructose, glucose, fructose plus glucose, sucrose, Hydroxyl methyl furfural, power of hydrogen and free acidity. These parameters were evaluated in the Holetta bee research center laboratory and results were analyzed by Statistical analysis system software. The result of laboratory work indicated that the mean value of moisture, electrical conductivity, ash, reducing sugar, fructose to glucose ratio, glucose to water ratio, fructose, glucose, fructose plus glucose, sucrose, Hydroxyl methyl furfural, power of hydrogen and free acidity was, 18.83 ± 0.69 g/100g, 0.58 ± 0.03 mS/cm, 0.25 ± 0.02 g/100g, 68.55 ± 0.56 g/100g, 1.05 ± 0.03, 1.78 ± 0.08, 34.22 ± 0.55 g/100g, 32.61 ± 0.70 g/100g, 66.83 ± 0.44 g/100g, 2.54 ± 0.40 g/100g, 3.42 ± 1.95 mg/kg, 4.03 ± 0.21 and 13.39 ± 1.43 meq/kg respectively. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between districts in terms of moisture and power of hydrogen. Significant difference (P < 0.01) was declared between agro-ecologies in terms of the moisture, glucose to water ratio and free acidity. Moreover, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was seen between agro-ecologies concerning electrical conductivity and ash. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) between the honeys of the retailer shop and farm gate sources concerning moisture content, electrical conductivity, ash, reducing sugar, glucose to water ratio, sucrose, Hydroxyl methyl furfural and free acidity. The result of the study indicated that all the physicochemical parameters of honey evaluated lie within the range of national and international standards. Because of the good quality of honey of the study area, it is advised to exploit the potential for export market with better intervention.

Field experiment was conducted in year 2015/2016 at the National Cereals Research Institute Badeggi, Niger State (sugarcane research field) to evaluate the performance of sixteen sugarcane genotypes. The clones were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Analysis of variance showed significant differentiation among studied genotypes. The results revealed that among the evaluated genotypes ILS 708-05 was characterized by highest potential cane yield (105.54 t/ha). BD 1576-14 significantly had highest brix (24.90%) among the tested clones. Genotypes that performed better than the Check ([Standard] B 47419) in terms of cane yield, less flowers and tolerance to smut should be advance to multi-location trials.

The parasitic weed Striga poses a serious threat to cereal production in sub-Saharan Africa. For many years, technological packages for the control of this weed were proposed and implemented on farmers' fields. A study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to determine maize/ Jointvetch (Aeschynomenehistrix) and N fertilization effect on Striga infestation and maize yield. The intercropping trial consists of six treatments, four inorganic N fertilizer levels of 0, 60, 90, 120 kg ha -1 , alternate hill and same hill intercropping of A. histrix. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Alternate hill and same hill intercropping significantly (P < 0.05) reduced Striga infestationwith respect to Striga shoots per m -2 and plot, Strigareation score and enhanced maize grain yield. There was a significant decline in the level of damage by Striga on maize in plots that received 60 -120 kg N ha -1 . Alternate hill and same hill intercropping had maize grain yield of 3295 kg ha -1 and 2616 kg ha -1 which were significantly higher than those obtained without inorganic N application (306 kg ha -1 ). Inorganic N application had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on grain yield. Lowest grain yield of 306 kg ha -1 was obtained without inorganic N application, whi ch was significantly (P<0.05) different from those fertilized with inorganic N, that had comparable grain yields. Inorganic N fertilizer rate of 60 kg ha -1 seems to be optimum for maize.

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In this study, chemical and bio-control agents were evaluated for their efficiency to control of citrus fruit-rot disease caused Alternaria citri (K2) both, in vitro and in vivo trials. The most effective fungicides were score, montro and Iprodione compared with other fungicides depend on Ec50 and Ec90. While, the fungicide Pyraclostrobine had moderate effect on linear growth of A. citri. Meanwhile, the Coprax, Coprareekh and Azoxystrobine were the least effective fungicide at Ec90. Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis tested showed antagonistic action effect to a highly pathogenic isolate of Alternaria citri, with different degrees of inhibition. T. harzianum was the most effective compared with B. subtilis, in vitro trials. Also, all fungicides were evaluated on incidence of citrus fruit rot disease in vivo trials. The disease incidence was reduced, but with different degrees. In addition, using T. harzianum, B. subtilis, B. megaterium (Bio-ARC) and Trichoderma album (Bio-Zeid) decreased incidence of citrus fruit rot disease. On the other side, T. harzianum showed the highest suppressive effect against citrus fruit rot pathogen. Generally, all tested fungicides and bio-agents were effective against the causal fungus in vitro and in vivo trials, but with different degrees.