Background. Metabolic syndrome is one of the leading global public health and clinical challenges, with increasing prevalence figures ranging from 10% to as high as 84%. There is a 5-fold increase in metabolic syndrome associated with type 2 diabetes and a 2-fold increase associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. The calorie-dense diet and sedentary life patterns are the most important contributory factors that have been established. Objective. This study is aimed at assessing metabolic syndrome and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes attending chronic follow-up units at hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia, in 2020. Methods. This study was conducted at hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia, using an institutional-based cross-sectional study design from September 1, 2020, to August 30, 2021. Data was collected from 422 type 2 diabetics through face-to-face interviews using structured and pretested questionnaires. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.4.1 and exported for analysis to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 25. The magnitude of metabolic syndrome was determined by using the National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate associated factors for the outcome variable. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result and Conclusion. Out of the 422 sample sizes, 394 type 2 diabetics participated in this study, giving a response rate of 93.36%. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome among type 2 diabetics in this study was 68.3%, using the National Cholesterol Education Program and Third Adult Treatment Panel criteria. The associated factors for metabolic syndrome among type 2 diabetics are urban residency, old age, physical inactivity, salt intake, inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, palm oil, and eating meat.
Objectives: The aim of this review was to describe malnutrition and poor oral hygiene, the most common risk factors for noma. Methods: A vigorous literature searches were conducted on databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, Web of Science, PubMed, Virtual Health Library, and Google Scholar by inserting keywords such as ‘noma’ OR ‘cancrum oris’ OR ‘cancrum oris cases’. A total of 65 articles gathered. Of these, 38 articles found to be eligible for this study. Results: A total of 38 full-length articles were included in the review. According to the evidence gathered and summarized in this review, malnutrition, especially protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies, makes the oral mucosa susceptible to opportunistic pathogens of noma, and then, in so doing, pathogens invade the oral cavities. Malnutrition has a bidirectional relationship with noma. Since noma is a disease of the oral cavity, poor oral hygiene has the potential of predispose and worsen the disease’s progress. Conclusion: Malnutrition and poor oral hygiene found to be ingrained in the pathogenesis of noma. For effective management and prevention of noma, it is necessary to underpin adequate nutritional supplementation (including vitamins). As a primary prevention strategy, healthcare workers’ training should be strengthened to improve the diagnosis and treatment of oral infections, including noma.
Objectives: This study assessed the non-utilization of PNC services, identified factors associated with PNC non-utilization, and explored barriers to PNC utilization in the rural community. Method: A community-based mixed-cross-sectional study was conducted from 20 March to 20 April 2020 among 521 women who gave birth in the last 12 months prior to this survey. A multistage sampling and face-to-face interview techniques were used for the quantitative data collection, and a purposive sampling technique was used to select the study participants. In-depth interviews were used for the qualitative data collection. The quantitative data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to test the association between the independent and outcome variables. A p-value of <0.2 was used as the cutoff value to include variables in the multivariate analysis. Finally, a p-value of <0.05 was used to declare an independent association. The qualitative data were manually sorted, cleaned up, and labeled as themes. Every major theme was identified and enumerated, and the meaning units were cited together with the relevant participant’s socio-demographic details. Result: The non-utilization of postnatal care was found to be 75.4% in the area. Normal delivery, fewer than four antenatal care visits, inaccessibility to transportation, and poor knowledge of postnatal care were all identified as factors enhancing non-utilization of postnatal care. However, being informed about postnatal care positively influences postnatal care utilization. Poor awareness, information gaps, cultural and religious beliefs, service inaccessibility, and the unfriendly approach of healthcare workers were all explored as barriers in the qualitative study. Conclusions: The non-utilization of PNC services in this study was higher than the majority, but not all, of the previous comparable local and worldwide findings. Mode of delivery, hearing postnatal care information, the number of antenatal visits, transportation availability, and knowledge of postnatal care services were factors affecting the non-utilization of postnatal care. The clients’ poor awareness, information gaps, cultural and religious beliefs, service inaccessibility, and healthcare staff’s inauspicious approach were barriers explored. Therefore, counseling and transportation access need to be reinforced in the setting.
Addiction is an extreme craving for and commitment to something, physically or psychologically. Currently, addiction to social media is the main emerging technology addiction, especially among the young generation. The main aim of the current study was to evaluate the status of Facebook addiction and its relation to academic performance and other correlates among university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 students from December 1–30, 2021, and Facebook addiction was examined with the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Study Habit Questionnaire (SHQ) were employed to assess self-esteem, anxiety and depression symptoms, and study habits, respectively. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit the subjects, and the data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Statistics such as percentages, frequencies, mean ± SD, and mean differences were calculated. Multiple regression analysis was performed, and all the required assumptions were checked. The statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05 and a 95% CI. Results revealed that, the mean age of the students was 23.62 (SD = ±1.79) and 51.6% of the participants were male. The majority of the participants were addicted to Facebook, and Facebook addiction was positively linked with factors like lower academic achievements and the symptoms of anxiety and depression. In conclusion, Facebook addiction was found to be higher among study participants, and it is negatively affecting their academic performances. Similarly, it was associated with affected mental well-being and reduced self-esteem. It is better for the legislative body of the university to put firm policies in place for promoting safe use and reducing the detrimental effects of this problem among students.
Background. Tragically, rape victims keep their ailments a secret from the police and their family members or significant others out of concern for societal stigma. The prevalence and severity of rape are highest among minorities, including girls and children who live as refugees. The current study assessed the prevalence of rape and its predictors among female students attending elementary schools in the Kule refugee camp, Gambella, southwest Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 15 to 25, 2022, using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. A total of 211 participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The collected data were entered into EpiData and then exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. The descriptive statistics were presented using frequencies, means, and standard deviations. A binary logistic regression model was used to test the association between the outcome and explanatory variables. The multivariable analysis included variables with p values of less than 0.25. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a p value of less than 0.05. Results. A total of 210 participants were involved in this study, which has a 99.5% response rate. Of these, 73 (34.8%) were subjected to rape. Shockingly, the majority (79.5%) of those who experienced rape reported that their perpetrator did not use a condom. Smoking (AOR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.61, 10.93), drinking alcohol (AOR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.43, 7.03), and having a boyfriend (AOR: 2.81; 95% CI: 21, 4.05) were found to be factors associated with rape. Conclusion. This study found a high prevalence of rape in the study area. The study also identified that participants’ behaviors, such as having a boyfriend, smoking, and drinking alcohol, predispose them to rape. Therefore, we recommend that the camp’s administrative bodies and humanitarian service organizations strengthen the preventive measures against rape crime, including the reinforcement of solid laws against perpetrators.
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