The progeny of Dichornitus squalens CBS-432-34 is heterogeneous with respect to specific growth rate on glucose, cellulolytic ([U14C]cellulose ~ 14CO2) and ligninolytic ([~4C]synthetic lignin -~ 14CO2) activities with little correlation between these metric characters. Variations do not show clear-cut phenotypes but rather a continuous range between extreme values pointing to multigenic control of these characters. Most homocaryons showed decreased cellulolytic or ligninolytic activity compared to the parent dicaryon. However a few homocaryons were comparable or even superior to the parent dicaryon for ligninolytic or cellulolytic activity with no correlation between each factor. Strains with reduced cellulolytic activity and altered isozyme patterns of endoglucanases were isolated in the progeny of D. squalens CBS-432-34. While the parent strain produced three main endoglucanase multiple enzymes designated EnI, EnlI and EnlIl, several strains in the progeny produced a different multiple enzyme pattern. In contrast to the quantitative ability to degrade cellulose, multiple enzyme pattern variation in the progeny did not show continuous variations. Characterization of heterocaryon phenotypes derived from Ien ÷ and Ienl homocaryons and first filial generation (fl) analysis showed that genetic control of the multiple enzyme pattern (Ienl phenotype) in D. squalens is complex.
This study was performed on oil extracted from mature fruits of Pistacia lentiscus L. harvested from Northern and North Western Tunisia. Extraction was done by two methods: Traditional method practiced by women in forest areas and pressing method that was proposed to improve the yield and the quality of oil. Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Oleic acid was the main fatty acid with more than 56%, followed by palmitic with 27%. Antioxidant activity of these oils was improved by pressing method; the percentage of inhibition of DPPH was increased from 21 to 43% for Nefza provenance and from 19 to 29% for Bizerte one. Similarly, the highest values of trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were reached by oils extracted by pressing method. Antibacterial activity was tested against three strains: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens. The results showed the existence of a significant bactericidal effect in the case of C. perfringens for oils from Bizerte with an inhibition diameter of about 13 mm for the oil extracted by pressing method and 8 mm for that extracted by traditional one. The effect was not significant in the case of E. coli and S. typhimurium.
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