Copper indium selenide CuInSe2 (CISe) is one of the most promising absorber materials in high efficiency heterojunction thin-film solar cells due to its high conversion efficiency and known high stability. This paper describes a simple method for preparing CuInSe2 films from pre-prepared CuInSe2 ingot powder using a flash evaporation method. The primary goal of this work is to investigate the effect of feeding flow rate on CuInSe2 film characteristics. The powder feeding flow rate into the evaporator has been adjusted to control the film growth rate. Structure, composition, morphology, electrical and optical properties have all been studied for films deposited at different feeding flow rates. The results show that varying the feeding flow rate affects film characteristics, and that lower feeding rates yield films with better characteristics, which should be considered in future semiconductor film processing.
In this work, a novel cork powder-based biosorbent is applied and packed into a micropipette tip for the extraction of trace emerging contaminants prior to their detection by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The morphology and structure of adsorbent material was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy the morphology and composition of the cork powder were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption. The parameters including the amount of adsorbent, sampling volume, sampling rate, sample pH, and desorption solvent affected the extraction performance was systematically investigated by pipette tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE) coupled with HPLC analysis. Under the optimized condition, the linearity of this method ranged from 1 to 200 µg.mL-1 for compounds with determination coefficient higher than 0.96. The limit of detection (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) were in the range 0.38–0.83 µg.mL-1. The relative recoveries of the analytes from spiked samples ranged from 71.8–104.7%, with relative standard deviations less than 5.7%. The filled extraction tube exhibited good stability and reproducibility. The proposed method has been successfully used to detect compounds in water with satisfactory recoveries.
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