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Improvements in the performance of small molecule-based organic solar cells have been reported through the use of a cyanopyridone acceptor group. This acceptor fragment enhances the absorbance of an oligothiophene-based dye and enables the addition of a solubilising alkyl chain that facilitates simple device fabrication from solution.

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Reaction of 3-trifluoromethylaniline with the 1,3-diketones 1a–1c and 5a–5d affords the N-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-substituted enaminones 2a–2c and 6a–6d. Reaction of 2a with the acryloyl chloride derivatives 3a–3c gives the 1-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-pyridinones 4a, 4c, 4d; in a similar manner the 2(1H)-pyridinone 4b is obtained from 2b. Reaction of 6c, 6d with acryloyl chloride affords the 2,5(1H,3H)-quinolinedione derivatives 7 and 9 together with the acrylamides 8a, 8b. The 2(1H)-pyridinones 12a, 12b and the 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-pyridinone 13 are prepared using routes involving the reaction of 2a with ethyl propiolate, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and maleic anhydride.

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