Since markets are undergoing severe turbulent economic periods, this study investigates the information transmission of energy stock markets of five regions including North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Pacific where we differentiated the regional energy markets based on their developing and developed state of economy. We employed time–frequency domain from Jan 1995 to May 2021 and found that energy stocks of developed regions are highly connected. The energy markets of North America, South America, and Europe are the net transmitters of spillovers, whereas the Asian and Pacific energy markets are the net receivers of spillovers. The results also reveal that the connectedness of regional energy markets is time and frequency dependent. Regional energy stocks were highly connected following the Asian financial crisis (AFC), global financial crisis (GFC), European debt crisis (EDC), shale oil revolution (SOR), and COVID-19 pandemic. Time-dependent results reveal that high spillovers formed during stress periods and frequency domain show the higher connectedness of regional energy stock markets in the short run followed by an extreme economic condition. These results have significant implications for policymakers, regulators, investors, and regional controlling bodies to adopt effective strategies during short run to avoid economic downturns and information distortions.

Uses of social media are growing throughout the world. In the previous time, various studies have been directed to discover the necessity of motivational factors behind making decision of tourists. From social media attributes, if tourists have positive insight then they will be inspired to revisit the Cox’s Bazar in future. Also, the tourist industries have given significance to improve their service as part of marketing management to remain competitive. This study identifies the social media attributes and examines the impact of decision making towards travelling Cox’s Bazar. In this study, tourists’ perception of Cox’s Bazar is also found. Foreign tourists (from Asian, European, American, Australian, and African) are considered as sample for this study. Convenience Sampling and questionnaire survey that are taken from various literatures of tourism. Reliability Test and Descriptive Statistics are conducted to see the availability and normality of collected data. Then Demographic Analysis, Spearman’s Rho Correlation Test and finally the Kruskal-Wallis Test have been utilized to find out the relationship among variables. This study discovered that noteworthy impact of social media attributes towards tourists’ choice to travel Cox’s Bazar. These findings will also contribute to the government as the civil aviation and tourism ministry needs to formulate suitable policies and practices considering social media in the existing market for attracting both inbound and outbound tourists.