Objective: The increased antibiotics resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from surgical wound is the major health threats challenge the patients especially in developing countries like Yemen. This work was aimed to determine and identify the bacteria associated with surgical wound infections and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Methods: One hundred and twenty swabs were sampled from surgical wound patients at Aden City, Yemen. The pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified according to standard microbiological methods. Also, antibiotic susceptibility tests were determining by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results: The results showed that out of 120 samples, 68 (56.67%) showed bacterial growth. It was found that the most isolated bacteria was Sylococcus aureus 27 (39.70%) followed by Escherichia coli 19(27.94%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 13 (19.12%), and Proteus mirabilis 9 (13.24%). All isolated bacteria were recorded to be extremely resistant to the most tested antibiotics. S. aureus was reported to be susceptible to cefotaxime, vancomycin, and ciprofloxacin and highly resistant to ceftazidime, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, and tetracycline. The E. coli isolates showed resistance (100%) to vancomycin and tetracycline and moderately sensitive to ceftazidime and gentamycin. P. aeruginosa showed from high to moderate resistance to most tested antibiotics except gentamycin and cefotaxime. Most of P. mirabilis isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin and highly resistant to amoxicillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. Conclusion: The current study findings that the reduced sensitivity of isolated bacteria to commonly used antibiotics is an alarming and threat upsurge of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Peer Review History: Received 27 January 2020;   Revised 15 February; Accepted 1 March, Available online 15 March 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Mujde Eryilmaz Affiliation: Ankara University,Turkey E-mail: meryilmaz@ankara.edu.tr   Name: Rola Jadallah Affiliation: Arab American University, Palestine E-mail: rola@aauj.edu Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF DIALYSIS WATER AND DIALYSATE AT MUKALLA ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY CENTER IN MUKALLA CITY - HADHRAMAUT - YEMEN: RATE OF CONTAMINATION AND SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES TO ANTIBIOTICS BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES FOR HADHRAMI HONEY ON GROWTH OF SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Burn wound infection is a major complication in burn patients after initial period of shock. More than 70 % mortality in burn patients is attributed to infection. This study was conducted from July 2008 to February 2009 at Teiba Center for Burns Surgery in Al-Jumhory Hospital located in Sana'a city, Yemen. A total of 200 burn wound swab were collected. Fifty eight (58%) of patients were males and forty two (42%) were females. The most common age group was ≤ 10 years group (42%), (84.5%) had second-degree burns, (13%) had third-degree burns, (1.5%) had fourthdegree burns and the remainder had first-degree burns, (69.5%) were due to flame, (24.5%) were due to scalds, (4.5%) cases were due to electrical burns and three cases were due to chemical burns. Out of 167 positive cultures, single Gram positive bacteria were the most dominant (44.3%), followed by Gram negative bacteria (28.7%) and mixed Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria (20.4%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism, isolated 100 (47.8%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23%), Candida albicans (5.3%), Escherichia coli (5.3%), Serratia plymuthica (3.8%), Proteus mirabilis (2.9%), Salmonella species (2.4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (2.4%), Acinetobacter species (1.9%), Streptococcus faecalis (1.4%), Bacillus species (0.96%), Citrobacter freundii (0.96%), Klebsiella species (0.96), and Streptococcus pyogenes (0.96%).

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Candida species are opportunistic yeasts affecting the genitourinary tract which causes the vulvovaginal candidiasis in the most female especially in developing countries. This study aims to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida species causing among pregnant women in Sana'a City, Yemen. This study was carried out at the department of microbiology of AL-Kuwait University Hospital. 250 vaginal swabs were collected and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Candida species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing were determined according to standard microbiological methods. The results showed that out of 250 samples, 63(25.2%) were positive for Candida species. It was found that the C. albicans (68.3%) was the most common species isolated followed by non-albicans species that are C. tropicalis (20.6%), C. glabrata (6.3%), and C. kefyr (4.8%). Also, it was recorded that the highest prevalence of Candida species was within group aged of 36-46 year. Susceptibility tests revealed that the most isolated species of C. andida were sensitive to nystatin (95%). miconazole was the next effective drug with 64% sensitive followed by amphotericin B (29%) and clotrimazole (24%). But only 6% of the isolates were sensitive to fluconazole. It can be concluded that the vulvovaginal candidiasis are quite common in Yemen country with a high prevalence. Also, the nystatin remains the effective agent against all isolated of Candida species. In contrast, the increase resistance of Candida species to fluconazole that commonly used antifungal is an alarming increase of vaginal candidiasis caused by antifungal-resistant Candida species. Peer Review History: UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy Affiliation: Sana'a University, Yemen E-mail: shmahe@yemen.net.ye   Name: Dr. Tamer Mohamed Ali El Habibi Affiliation: Suez Canal University, Egypt. E-mail: tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg   Name: Rola Jadallah Affiliation: Arab American University, Palestine E-mail: rola@aauj.edu Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: AN EXHAUSTIVE STATISTIC ON CURRENT MUCOADHESIVE INTRAVAGINAL DRUG DELIVERY METHODOLOGIES TETANUS IMMUNIZATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: COVERAGE RATE AND RATE OF PROTECTION AT TIME OF DELIVERY