In this work, we studied the individual and combined effect of inhibitors such as citrate ions and magnesium ions on crystallization of calcium oxalate. It is the main constituent of more than 70% of urinary stones. In order to optimize the number of experiments with the help of a suitable mathematical model, an experimental design was developed. The crystallization of CaC 2 O 4 with and without inhibitors, at physiological concentrations, was studied by turbidimetry at 37• C. The inhibition effect was evaluated through the induction time (nucleation) and the turbidimetrical slope (crystalline growth). The experimental design enabled the investigation of the effect of citrate ions, magnesium ions, and their combination on the inhibition rate. The obtained results showed that the inhibition power increases with inhibitor concentration when it is tested alone. This inhibition also affected the delay on nucleation. Thus, the induction time varied from 0.22 min without inhibitor to 4.73 min with citrate ions and 1.96 min with magnesium ions. The two inhibitors were more effective on nucleation and on crystalline growth when they were used in combination compared to one of them tested alone. The mathematical model fitted the experimental results well with a minimum of trials.
In this article, we propose a new approach based on the non-destructive method by eddy currents (EC) to identify the conductivity of millimeter materials. Our work is based on the simulation of different wastes which are chosen in rectangular form. The calculation of the normalized
impedance of the sensor on the particles of the waste allowed us to successfully identify the conductivity of the materials. This impedance change with the conductivity of each material can be used in the characterization of the waste materials. An extrapolation based on the linear programming
method (LPM) us to estimate the frequency and next to identify the conductivity of new materials introduced in the test. The obtained results of this characterization by LPM are found to be consistent and satisfactory.
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