Sludge treatment using reed beds is more attractive in the Gaza Strip than traditional sludge drying beds. Sludges having solids contents of 1-2% can be applied to reed beds at a loading of 40 cm/m 2 every 2 weeks. The infiltration rate for a reed bed system is high, and the evapotranspiration rate is typically 170% of pan evaporation. The cost of sludge treatment using reed beds is 0.34 US$/m 3 compared with 1.01 US$/m 3 for treatment using conventional drying beds. This paper presents the results of using reed beds for sludge treatment in the Gaza Strip for 3 years.
Management of sewage sludge is one of the main environmental problems in Palestine. More than 400 m 3 /day of aerobic sludge and 5000 m 3 /year of anaerobic sludge are disposed of randomly in the Gaza Strip, creating several environmental and health problems. Because of the political-economic situation, a low cost system for sludge treatment has to be adopted. The results of a pilot project using a reed bed system in the Gaza Strip are promising. Sludge that accumulated in a reed bed system over a 3-year period was found to be well mineralized and composted, and suitable for land application. The water that drained from the reed bed was found to contain very low concentrations of suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). This paper presents the results of a 3-year project using a reed bed for sewage sludge treatment in Gaza -Palestine. The quality of drained water and the quality and quantity of accumulated sludge were monitored in two drying beds, one planted with reeds and the other left as a conventional drying bed.
Rain water is an important source to feed the groundwater aquifer, whether directly or by harvesting and recharging. The importance of purification is for reducing the risk of pollutants from recharging runoff rainwater. The use of sand filter as a technique considered not expensive and commonly used for removing contaminants from water and wastewater treatment industries. The methodology used laboratory testing, by designing and constructing pilot plant to experiment the sand filter for purification, and made simulation for the infiltration of storm water through sand filter of 2 meters depth, in order to find the relationship between the depth on one hand, and the removal of suspended solids and fecal coliforms bacteria on the other hand, to know the effective depth that gets the purification. The research results during three days of infiltration show that the sand filter can remove fecal coliforms bacteria at a depth of 150 cm, and provide purified water with a concentration of suspended solids less than 20 mg/liter at a depth of 75 cm.
This study was conducted between 2008 and 2009 to investigate the impacts of treated wastewater irrigation on soil and alfalfa crop after 7 years of wastewater irrigation. Beit‐Lahia Pilot Project (BLPP) was initiated in 2003 where alfalfa crop was irrigated with partially treated wastewater form Beit‐Lahia wastewater treatment plant. A control unit irrigated with well water was initiated in parallel for comparison. Soil and alfalfa samples were collected and analyzed for the main physiochemical, fecal coliform (FC), and heavy metals level through the field trial and the applied wastewater quality was also tested. These results were compared with the available data from 2003 to 2007. Results revealed that there is a concern in using treated wastewater under current quality as it negatively impacted the soil physico‐chemical properties. Sodium adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity increased significantly by about 160% and 130%, respectively, due to wastewater irrigation (WWI) in both soil layers compared with well water irrigation. WWI caused slight decrease in soil pH in both surface and subsurface soil layers while it increased the soil organic matter content which varied seasonally due to climatic conditions and alfalfa uptake. Slight metal built up was noticed due to wastewater irrigation while metals level remained in the allowable range for soil by the time of this study. Alfalfa metals uptake was within the permissible range. Occasional high FC (900 and 2100 CFU/ml) level was noticed in the applied wastewater did not cause soil biological contamination as the FC level in the soil at BLPP due to wastewater irrigation was almost 260 CFU/g. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 648–654, 2015
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