Switched reluctance motors (SRM) are a type of electromagnetic machine that has piqued the interest of manufacturers, as opposed to induction, brushless, or permanent magnet machines. This is because the rotor is simple, robust, and lacks coils, windings, and permanent magnets. It can also operate in a wide range of power in the electric vehicle's drive, even in extreme conditions such as underground mines, ensuring a longer life of service. However, due to the toothed shape of the rotor, the SRM is characterized by vibration and acoustic noise. To solve this problem to better adapt the SRM to the electric vehicle, we propose to use intelligent techniques such as the controller (ANN) and the fractional order controller (PI α ). This article compares two intelligent speed controllers that use direct torque control (DTC) to reduce torque ripples. As a result, when associated with direct torque control, the Fractional Order Controller (PI α ) outperforms the Artificial Neural Network (ANN).
The exploitation of solar energy and the universal interest in photovoltaic systems have increased nowadays due to galloping energy consumption and current geopolitical and economic issues. This has led to high technical and economic requirements. The PV system still faces major obstacles such as high cost and low efficiency compared to other renewable technologies. In addition, the photovoltaic system suffers from the rate of undesirable harmonics of the generated power which could alter the quality of energy and the performance requested by users. In order to remedy this problem, the use of the multi-level inverter is in these cases one of the most promising solutions. Indeed, the multi-level technology seems to be well suited to photovoltaic applications to help fill the need for several sources on the DC side of the converter. The technical performance and reliability of the multi-level inverter used to connect the PV modules to the electrical power distribution networks can improve and make profitable the power produced. In this work, we compare two multi-level inverter topologies for PV systems: H-Bridge (HB) and Neutral Point Clamped (NPC). The comparison between these inverters is based on the criteria of spectral quality of the output voltage and the complexity of the power circuits.
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