Objective: Vitamin E is an antioxidant which can help in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of Vitamin E on cardiac marker enzymes in isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial infracted rats. Methods:Adult male albino rats were divided into three groups. The first group was the control negative group. The second group was the control positive group that was subcutaneously injected with ISO (100 mg/kg). The third group was pretreated with Vitamin E (100 mg/kg) once daily for 30 days, then subcutaneously injected with ISO at an interval of 24 h for 2 days. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponin-I (CTn-I), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and histopathological examinations were measured. Comparison between groups was achieved by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test through SPSS software. Results:The levels of AST, ALT, LDH, creatine kinase (CK), and CTn-I significantly decreased in pretreated group with Vitamin E compared to its increasing in the control positive group. The level of GSH and SOD markedly increased in pretreated group with Vitamin E compared to its decreasing in the control positive group, while the level of MDA significantly decreased in pretreated group with Vitamin E compared to its increasing in the control positive group. ISO + Vitamin E rats group reflected a cardioprotective role of Vitamin E in myocardial infarcted rats. Conclusion:Pretreatment with Vitamin E can protect the myocardial membranes against ISO-induced oxidative stress in rats and can be used for routine clinical and epidemiological purposes.

Objective: Effective communication is an integral part of good medical practice. Skills in communication is an art, and comprises of a set of fundamental elements: skills in introducing, questioning, listening, facilitating and closing. The objective of this study was to determine the perceptions of fresh medicalgraduates’ communication skills at Widad University College (WUC). Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 among 50 fresh medical graduates of WUC. A standardized questionnaire that asked about skills in fundamental elements of communication with diverse people on diverse issues, was used to collect the data. The data was collated and analyzed utilising a measuring scale ranged from very well to very poor and presented using descriptive statistics. Results and Discussion: Total 46 participants responded giving a response rate 92%. The highest number of participants (79%) responded as very well in introductory skills while the lowest 59% in listening skills. In a diverse group, 70%-74% respondents communicated as very well with patients, patients’ families, superiors, support staffs and colleagues. Only 57%-67% responded as very well in breaking bad news, counselling, and taking informed-consent. Nevertheless, 2%-13% participants’ skills were very poor to uncertain, where 13% uncertain in breaking bad news and 9% in counselling and informed-consenting. Conclusion: Communication skills of most of the WUC fresh medical-graduates were very well and reasonably well. However, the art of communication does not come naturally, 2-13% of the graduates’ skills need to be consciously promoted by faculty during undergraduate training. Medical schools should give more emphasis on the development of more effective communication in all aspects of future doctors. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 02 April’22 Page : 404-412

Clinical competency is the core of the medical curriculum. Careful ongoing evaluation of clinical competency is required to ensure continuous reviewing for curriculum development. The objective of this study was to investigate self-perceptions of clinical competency of fresh medical graduates using the Kirkpatrick framework – the most convenient and widely used model for measuring clinical competency. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 fresh medical graduates of Widad University College, Malaysia in 2019 using a standardised questionnaire containing 43-items of competency. Respondents were asked to rate self-perceptions of his/her competency in these attributes using a five-point Likert scale against each attribute, where 5 = always competent and 1 = never competent. The response rate was 92%. Out of 43 items, graduates were always competent in taking clinical history and examining a patient thoroughly; frequently competent in eight attributes; sometimes competent in 29; and occasionally competent in four. The graduates have not yet started their houseman-training; and thus, got fewer chances to practice all the procedures. It is expected that graduates’ competency will improve during their houseman training. There is scope for improvement, as faculty need to pay more attention to improving student competency by arranging additional training. The teaching of clinical competency also needs integration with the pre-clinical phase for early exposure. The findings have direct implications for faculty development towards competency-based education that would bridge the gap between education and practice. This study offers other medical schools a window towards comprehensive use of competency tools to assess the competency of their graduates.

The use of antioxidants to protect against a wide range of human disease, including ischemic heart disease, has moved to the forefront in cardiovascular research. Gallic acid has shown promising effects against oxidative stress-induced disease; however, its effect in ischemic heart disease has not been well-studied. We designed the current work to investigate the potential protective effect of gallic acid against isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI). Rats were injected subcutaneously with ISO, 100 mg/kg for 2 days, to induce MI. Gallic acid treated rats received 15 mg/kg gallic acid orally for 10 days prior to ISO injection. The histopathological examination of the Hematoxylin and Eosin-stained heart sections from the ISO treated rats shows karyopyknosis, hypereosinophilia, loss of striation, infiltration of macrophage in the interstitium, and thrombosis of the blood vessels, all of which indicate the induction of MI. In addition, ISO treatment significantly increased the plasma level of malondialdehyde and troponin-I, as well as the activity of alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase, compared to untreated controls. Pretreatment with gallic acid significantly attenuated the ISO-induced biochemical and histopathological changes, compared to untreated controls. Our results show that ISO induced oxidative stress-mediated MI, and that gallic acid protects the rat heart from MI, at least in part, through antioxidant mechanisms.

Introduction: Neonates refers to the first 28 days of life, they are vulnerable to physiological changes. About 15% of neonates get admitted to NICU and a significant number of them end up in ventilation. This study assessed the beneficial role of non- pharmacological modalities on recovery with a better outcome of ventilated babies in NICU. Material and Methods: The study is a quantitative cross-sectional study for 9 months of NICU at IIUMMC. The study will include top conditions warranting neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions and ventilation as preterm, respiratory distress, neonatal sepsis, HIE, and others. They are divided into two (2) groups; the first group will keep the standard practice and assigned as a control group. The second group will afford all or most of a package of non-pharmacological and sensory stimuli like a kangaroo, feeding, non-nutritive sucking, swaddling, skinto-skin contact, sensory saturation, soft massage, away irritant odour, Normal visual experience during daytime and dime light at night-time. decrease sound pollution, and voice stimulation assessing soft music or recitation of the Qur’an according to family preference. We will assess stabilizing vital signs, behavioural assessment, extubating timing, Short term outcome. Results: Adding non-pharmacological modalities could reduce the dose requirements for sedation and analgesics and has a positive effect on the neurodevelopmental outcome. Conclusion: nonpharmacological strategies besides other modalities improved short-term outcomes and the recovery of ventilated babies. The importance of coming back to nature, the effect of special senses and sensory stimulation on neonatal recovery, and ease extubation.