Abstract: BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) states that visual impairment (VI) is a reduction of vision functions due to eye diseases, trauma, and congenital eye conditions. Current estimates indicate that more than 90% of people with vision impairment live in rural and developing countries. AIM: This study aimed to determine demographic characteristics and causes of visual impairment in the White Nile State of Sudan METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective hospital-based study, including all patients attending Kosti and Rabak eye hospitals from January to December 2017, was conducted. A total of 1000 records were reviewed, 300 of them met the required criteria and then included in this study, with a mean age of 59.8 ± 18.5 (ranging from 10 to 95) years old. Visual impairment was classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision, 2018 (ICD-11). RESULTS: The prevalence of VI was found at 28.5 %. Based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), 6 participants (2.0%) were mild VI, 32 (10.7%) had moderate VI, 152 (50.7%) had severe VI, and 110 (36.7%) were blind. VI was associated with patients' age in children (3.6%) and reached (48.3) in older age (P=0.001). VI was more common among males 158 (52.7%) than females but was statistically not significant (P=0.35). The main causes of VI were cataract (52%), refractive errors (20.7%), glaucoma (16.3%), corneal disorders (5.3%), diabetic retinopathy (1.7 %), and other causes (4%). Conclusion Visual impairment was high in the community and more prevalent among older age. Cataract was the leading cause of VI, then refractive errors and glaucoma. Among children, uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts were the common leading causes of VI. In adults, the main causes were cataracts, uncorrected refractive errors, and glaucoma.
Background: Refractive and ocular biometric changes after silicone oil tamponade (SOT) in phakic eyes have been studied thoroughly; however, similar studies amongst Sudanese patients with vitreoretinal conditions were not carried out.Aim: This study aimed to assess post-operative changes in refraction, corneal power and axial length after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with SOT in phakic patients.Setting: The study was conducted at Sudan Eye Center, Khartoum, Sudan.Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective hospital-based study was performed at Sudan Eye Center. The study included all phakic patients who underwent PPV with SOT for a variety of vitreoretinal conditions from October 2018 to January 2019. Clinical investigations included uncorrected visual acuity (VA), best-corrected VA, refraction, corneal power and axial length pre- and post-surgery. Differences in these parameters were assessed using a paired sample t-test with a significance level of 0.05.Results: Medical records of 59 consecutive patients (59 eyes, 41 men and 18 women) with ages ranging from 22 years to 75 years were studied. The findings revealed a statistically significant hypermetropic change (pre: –0.17 ± 2.44 dioptre [D] and post: +4.43 ± 2.04 D) with a p-value of 0.001. In terms of axial length, there was a significant increase (pre: 23.61 ± 1.17 mm and post: 23.82 ± 1.27 mm; p 0.001). However, no significant change was found in corneal power (pre: –43.60 ± 1.96 D and post: 43.63 ± 2.03 D; p = 0.45).Conclusion: A hypermetropic shift in refraction, longer axial length and non-considerable increase in corneal power were observed amongst Sudanese phakic patients after PPV with instillation of silicone oil.
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