L’effluent de l’abattoir municipal de la ville de Meknès est caractérisé par une forte charge organique polluante et une coloration rouge due à la concentration élevée en sang. Les analyses physicochimiques et microbiologiques ont révélé des concentrations importantes en paramètres globaux de pollution, et une charge microbiologique marquée par la dominance des coliformes. La demande chimique en oxygène (DCO) moyenne est de 2 240 mg d’O2•L‑1. La concentration moyenne en azote total est de 290 mg•L‑1. Les orthophosphates sont à une concentration moyenne de 35 mg•L‑1. La matière extractible à l’hexane (MEH) varie entre 900 et 1 100 mg•L‑1. Les coliformes fécaux sont de 67•103 UFC•mL‑1.Le traitement par électrocoagulation-flottation utilisant des électrodes plates de fer, avec une tension électrique de 12 V et un temps de contact de 25 min, a donné de bons résultats. Il a permis l’abattement de 92,6 % de DCO, 76,2 % d’azote total, et 95,4 % des orthophosphates. Les MEH sont éliminées à 62,5 % grâce au phénomène de flottation favorisé par le dégagement des bulles d’hydrogène issues de la réduction de l’eau à la cathode, et le brassage de l’effluent par agitation dans la cellule électrolytique. Ce processus a permis également la décoloration de cet effluent, illustrée par une diminution de l'absorption à 450 nm supérieure à 90 %, et une diminution remarquable de l'absorbance UV à 254 nm, traduisant l’élimination de matière organique dissoute par des mécanismes d'oxydation électrochimiques. Les coliformes fécaux sont réduits de trois unités logarithmiques.The effluent of the municipal slaughterhouse in Meknes City, Morocco, is characterized by a high organic pollution load and red colour due to the high concentration of blood. Physicochemical and microbiological analyzes revealed significant levels of pollution and microbiological load marked by the dominance of coliform bacteria. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) is 2,240 mg O2•L‑1. The average concentration of total nitrogen is 290 mg•L‑1 and that for orthophosphates is 35 mg•L‑1. Fat and grease content varies between 900 and 1,100 mg•L‑1. The number of fecal coliforms is 67•103 UFC•mL‑1. Treatment by electrocoagulation-flotation using iron plate electrodes, with a voltage of 12 V and a contact time of 25 min, gave good results. It can achieve reductions in chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 92.6%. Total nitrogen removal was 76.2%, and the reduction of orthophosphate was 95.4%. Fat and grease can be reduced by 62.5% thanks to the flotation step, favoured by the release of hydrogen bubbles from the reduction of water at the cathode and the mixing of the effluent by stirring in the electrolytic cell. This process also enabled the reduction of the red colour, as illustrated by the decrease in absorbance at 450 nm, a reduction exceeding 90%, and a remarkable decrease in UV absorbance at 254 nm, reflecting the removal of dissolved organic material by electrochemical oxidation mechanisms. Fecal coliforms are reduced by three logarithmic units
Health education is an essential dimension of global education, its absence or marginal position in school life affects the quality of educational action in schools, and deprives students of cognitive and psychosocial skills. In addition, the improvement of learning combines the promotion of the wellbeing of the learner and the good relationship with his teacher and his peers. Both of these conditions can be built by health education. These remarks imply the recasting and broadening of the teaching function so that these fields of "education to" health, the environment, citizenship etc ... are integrated into the professional identity of the teacher and the educational director of the school. Therefore, decision-makers must base their institutional and strategic reform choices on the integration of these interdisciplinary fields into the initial training of teachers. In this perspective, we can renovate the school approach; classically articulated around disciplines and refocusing it around social objectives. Thus, we can work for a new school paradigm that stumbles towards the school of promotion of the individual and society, advocated by the strategic vision of reform of the Moroccan education system 2015-2030.
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