This study is conducted under the title "Determinants of Urban Household Saving Behavior in Ethiopia." Its main objective was to empirically investigate the determinants of urban household saving behavior in Mekelle city, Ethiopia. Crosssectional primary data was collected using self-administered open-ended and closedended questionnaires from 150 households from seven sub-cities of Mekelle city. Selection of the sample was by two stage stratified sampling techniques, where the first stage units were sub-cities and the second stage units were the households. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model was used to test the formulated hypotheses. The study found that household headed by a female, total income of household, and saving experience had a positive and significant impact on household saving. However, age of the household head, additional earner in the household, and dependency ratio of the household had a negative and significant influence on household saving. The governing saving motive found in this study was precautionary motive. The study recommended that government in collaboration with financial institutions should promote household saving by introducing different packages of prize-linked promotional savings; government should continue and spend the utmost effort to stabilize inflationary pressures using short-term and long-term strategies; and, government should strive to increase the disposable income of households. This study focused on household saving using only financial saving and employed smaller sample and binary logit regression model. Thus, further research may be undertaken to incorporate larger samples by employing other econometric models such as Heckman sample selection model and OLS regression models.
There are various theories regarding the secret of dividend preference over other alternatives. The most notable of these dividend theories is the agency theory. Dividends play a vital role in mitigating agency costs between shareholders and managers. This study is distinct from others since it includes more separate board structure variables with long study periods using a panel econometric model. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the links between board attributes and dividends payout policy of listed industrial companies of Turkey from 2011 to 2019. Data were collected from the sampled companies that were listed on the Borsa Istanbul BIST 100 indexes as of December 31, 2019, from Finnet (data provider). The study employed the panel Tobit model and found a significant positive effect of board size on dividend payout policy and a significant negative impact of board meeting frequency on the payout policy of listed companies in Turkey.
The aim of this chapter is to investigate the short and long-run impact of devaluation of the trade balance of Ethiopia. Devaluation has been used as a measure to improve trade balance. The data was collected from the World Bank for the years 1990 to 2017 and analyzed by applying an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and an Error Correction Model (ECM). The empirical findings show that the long run Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) significantly and negatively correlated with the trade balance. The error correction coefficient which shows the adjustment of disequilibrium in the subsequent year is also significant. The empirical result indicated that devaluation of the Birr can improve the trade balance of Ethiopia. However, in reality, the trade balance of Ethiopia is not improved through a consecutive Birr devaluation. This may be resulted from the non-responsiveness of import to devaluation of the Birr, shortage of import substitute domestic products and the dependency of exports on primary agriculture products.
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