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This study aims to explore and discuss the architecture of Saudi Arabia. Taking Jeddah as a case study, by defining the advantages and characteristics of the local architecture and the texture of the old city, it pays full attention to the physical transformations that have been adopted. It occupies a place in the urban planning and architectural form of Jeddah. However, the main objective of this study is to discuss the effect of modernization and westernization on the physical appearance of the city, comparing it with the local old urban fabric and buildings, and finally criticizing the impact of the modern movement in Jeddah in terms of the environmental, cultural and Islamic aspects. All in all, this study considered the most traditional of Jeddah as the main case study and outlined the effect of modernism and westernization in Jeddah, as well as criticized the modern architecture and urban planning in Jeddah.

"Unplanned settlements represent a twentieth-century phenomenon that has been steadily growing on the periphery of almost all cities in the world. These areas are usually overpopulated and characterized by inadequate housing, unpleasant living conditions. Jeddah, a second major city in Saudi Arabia, consists of many unplanned settlements and slums, which affect the future development of its urban and social fabric. This paper intends to explore some essential issues relating to the issues of unplanned settlements in Jeddah through the study, analysis, and assessment of the built environment of Al-Sabeel district, one of the oldest districts in Jeddah. The main objective of this research is to investigate the major physical problems of the deteriorated areas of the district. Thus, the primary purpose is to define a set of recommendations for the upgrading of future unplanned settlements, which will help these informal areas to improve and gradually integrate into the existing urban fabric of the city. Regarding methodology, a qualitative research approach was adopted, which included a literature review, a face-to-face interviews, and field visits to document the physical condition of the built environment of the district. The outcome of the study represents a set of recommendations that indicate the importance of community participation approach as a means of improving the physical condition of the urban environment of Al-Sabeel district."

Technology has changed so much over the years and it has contributed a lot to the advancement of the many aspects of the industry as well as people's daily life. Architecture is not spared from this change and has benefited a lot from the development of this technology. With this, it is no secret that one aspect of technology that has changed the world is virtual reality. This study outlines the application of virtual reality in various sectors such as industrial, architecture design, science and technology, education as well as entertainment. There is a great potential of virtual reality in the future, especially in two different aspects namely technological and social. The importance of virtual reality in architecture is relying on the advancement of technologies, applications and processes. The use of virtual reality in architecture can be classified into several categories, namely landscape, building, interior, and exterior. Moreover, this study also elucidates the challenges of virtual reality in architecture and education. All in all, the virtual reality in architectural highlights the multiple advantages of multiple applications, and overcomes the defining challenges which may lead to the successful realization of virtual reality in architecture.