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Dealing with diseases in the hand and upper extremity in Egypt is as old as the ancient civilization. Ancient Egyptians practised hand and upper extremity surgery several millenniums ago. In the Edwin Smith papyrus, two cases of fractures of the humerus are mentioned; one was closed and the other was open. The papyrus details the difference in treatment between open and closed fractures (Figure 1). In the tomb of the engineer who designed Ramses II tomb, there is an engraving depicting reduction of shoulder dislocation by a manoeuvre that appears to be similar to the one described by Kocher.