To identify enteropathogens for vaccine development, we implemented clinic-based surveillance for severe pediatric diarrhea in Egypt's Nile River Delta. Over 2 years, a physician clinically evaluated and obtained stool samples for microbiology from patients with diarrhea and less than 6 years of age. In the first (N = 714) and second clinic (N = 561), respectively, 36% (N = 254) and 46% (N = 260) of children were infected with rotavirus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter, or Shigella. When excluding mixed rotavirus-bacterial infections, for the first and second clinic, 23% and 10% had rotavirus-associated diarrhea, and 14% and 17% had ETEC-associated diarrhea, respectively. Campylobacter-associated diarrhea was 1% and 3%, and Shigella-associated diarrhea was 2% and 1%, respectively, for the two clinics. Rotavirus-associated diarrhea peaked in late summer to early winter, while bacterial agents were prevalent during summer. Rotavirus-associated cases presented with dehydration, vomiting, and were often hospitalized. Children with Shigella- or Campylobacter-associated diarrhea reported as watery diarrhea and rarely dysentery. ETEC did not have any clinically distinct characteristics. For vaccine development and/or deployment, our study suggests that rotavirus is of principle concern, followed by ETEC, Shigella, and Campylobacter.

Background: Repair of ventral hernia (VH) is a commonly performed procedure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of primary repair of midline VH using laparoscopic approach as a day surgery procedure in an academic teaching hospital. Material and methods: This prospective study was conducted in General Surgery department, Minia University Hospital, Egypt, for 82 patients with midline ventral hernias subjected to primary repair of the defect using laparoscopic approach in the period from February 2017 till February 2019. Patients were followed up for seroma, hematoma, wound infection or recurrence. Results: Study included 81 patients; 30 cases (37%) were males and 51 (63%) were females. Ages ranged from 20-57 years. Thirty-eight (46.9%) patients presented with epigastric hernias, 34 (42%) had paraumbilical hernias, and port site hernias were found in 9 (11.1%) patients. Mean width of the defect was 15 ± 4.3 mm. Mean operative time was 52.3 min. All cases were done on a day surgery setting. No cases showed intestinal injury or paralytic ileus. Eighteen patients (22.2%) developed seroma not requiring aspiration. Hematoma was seen in three (3.7%) patients and was conservatively managed. Only two cases (2.5%) developed superficial wound infection. Rate of recurrence was 4.9%. Conclusion: Primary laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) with defects less than 2 cm in diameter is a safe, simple, time-saving procedure associated with less complications, less risk of surgical site infection (SSI), shorter hospital stay and low cost.

Background: Lymphoid proliferations are thought to be either benign reactive conditions, atypical lymphoid proliferations or malignant lymphomas. NHL's are a diverse group of malignant neoplasms that affect lymphoid tissue, their incidence has risen twofold over the past 10 years. IHC, is now routinely used to confirm the diagnosis of lymphoma. The aim: Is to evaluate the expression of Survivin, P63 and CD15 in different types of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoma and their ability to differentiate between some types of them. Also, correlate expression of the above markers as indicators of aggressiveness in NHL's. Methods: A total of selected 80 cases of patients which were previously diagnosed as: 30 cases of Non Hodgkin's lymphoma, 20 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 30 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. The sections were stained with H&E and immunohistochemical markers of Survivin, p63 and CD15 separately. Results: Expression of survivin & P63 immunostains in cases of aggressive lymphomas was (61.9%)&(71.4%) which are higher than their expression in cases of indolent lymphomas (38.1%)&(28.6%) respectively. Also, expression of survivin &P63 immunostains in cases of follicular lymphoma was (50%)&(33.3%) which are higher than their expression in cases of atypical lymphoid hyperplasia(40%)&(20%) respectively. P63 was frequently expressed in large cell lymphoma cases (64.2%). None of the cases of CHL demonstrated any P63 expression. CD15 is a specific marker of reed Sternberg cells of CHL and showed no expression in cases of lymphocytic predominance HL. CD15 was also occasionally expressed in cases of large cell lymphomas. Conclusion: survivin and P63markers can be used as immunohistochemical tools in distinguishing follicular lymphoma from lymphoid hyperplasia especially atypical cases. Also, survivin and P63markers can be used as indicator of aggressiveness in NHL cases. CD15 is a specific marker of RS cells of CHL. Also, CD15 is occasionally expressed in cases of large cell lymphomas, so not used alone in differentiation between large cell lymphoma and CHL where morphological distinction is difficult. When adding a P63 immunostaining, the accuracy of distinction between these lesions was increased. so,P63 can be used as a potential tool in the differential diagnosis between these lesions.

This study reveals a linguistic stylistic analysis for Paul Beatty's novel The Sellout through using Leech's linguistic checklist. The study embodies two chief goals; a linguistic goal that depends on applying Leech's Linguistic checklist on the entire novel by utilizing its different categories and a literary aim that relies on exposing the issue of racial segregation in the American society between the Whites and the Blacks. The proficiency in a writing style that Beatty displays in his novel is embodied evidently via this study.