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Nitrogen is the most important nutrient to the plant, and its dose depends on the amount, availability to the plant and the plant density. This study was conducted in 20 September 2021 to the end of the year, to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant spacing on Okra Abelmoschus esculanntus (L.) Moennch vegetative growth and pod characters. The treatments were laid out as factorial arrangement in a Split Randomized Blocked Design, and replicated four times. Four nitrogen doses: N 0 ; 0, N 1 ; 119, N 2 ; 238 and N 3 ; 357 Kg ha -1 and three plant spacing: S 1 ; 30, S 2 ; 40 and S 3 ; 50 cm plant apart, were examined. The analyses of variance reflected that the growth parameters significantly increased with increased plant spacing, while pod attributes were not affected except pod dry weight, which is weighty in middle plant spacing. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer increased plant fresh and dry weight, while decreasing nitrogen increased plant and pod dry weight and pod dry matter, moreover the middle dose of nitrogen gave the heavies pod fresh weight, while pod length and girth were not affected. The combination between higher dose of nitrogen and plant spacing donates the heaviest plant fresh and dry weight, while the higher plant dry matter is presented by the lower dose of nitrogen with higher plant spacing, which also increased plant dry weight. Overall plant spacing, the minimum fertilizer dose maximized plant dry matter, while this dose with both narrowest plant spacing gave the heaviest pod dry weight and widest pod girth, pod girth is also the biggest with the narrowest plant spacing having no fertilizer. Lowering plant spacing received nitrogen in a middle amount increased pod length. It could be concluded that optimum green pod quality of pod fresh weight may be considered with interaction effects of higher density with middle dose of nitrogen. The lower and middle densities with minimum dose of nitrogen may be considered optimal for the heaviest pod dry weight and widest pod girth. Regardless of plant density, the lower dose of nitrogen is optimal for the pod dry matter.

In the spring of 2022, researchers from the University of Mosul’s Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry conducted an experiment on a vegetable field. In this experiment, we looked at three variables: first, the effects of two different potato cultivars (Montreal and EL-Beida). For the second part, we soaked potatoes in a solution of potassium humate with a concentration of (0, 0.5, 1 g L-1). Therefore, the experiment had 18 treatments (2 3 3), with the third factor being Nano-calcium fertilizer with three concentrations of (0, 1.5, and 2.5 g L-1) applied to plants at three stages of plant growth: the first 20 days after full germination, the second and third stages, with a 20-day interval between addition and another. Cultivars were positioned in the primary plots, with the interaction between two additional variables located in sub-plots, as part of a factorial experiment inside a split-plot utilizing the Randomized Complete Block Design with three repetitions. Duncan’s multiple range test for comparing means was used to analyze the data at a 5% significance level. This leads to the following conclusion: Of the cultivars tested, the Montreal variety performed best when soaked in potassium humate at two different concentrations, increasing both leaf area and dry matter percentage in the vegetative development (0.5 and 1). both total chlorophyll content and leaf area were significantly increased by g.L-1. The best statistically significant data for plant height, number of aerial stems, and leafy area were obtained after spraying calcium Nano-fertilizer at two doses.

The objective of this study is to investigate the planting density, nitrogen and potassium influencing on the pod characteristics of bean. The experiment is made in a Split Randomized Complete Block Design, replicated three times. Two plant densities and seven doses of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were examined. The results reflected that density had no effect on pod attributes, except pod length in the second season, whereas significantly increased by the lower density. The plant received lower nitrogen lacking potassium increased length in the both seasons however, the higher individual potassium dose and control increased length in first and second seasons, respectively. The widest and narrowest pod diameters shown by the lower dose of nitrogen and higher dose of both fertilizers, subsequently. The separately maximum and minimum dose of potassium in the first and second season subsequently, in addition to the individual lower dose of nitrogen in the second season have a heaviest dry weight. The interaction significantly affected overall parameters, except pod diameter and dry matter in the first season. Pod dry matter is commonly constant, except with the higher density received the greatest dose of both fertilizers, whereas record significant decline. Pod length and diameter are good indicator of quality, it can be given by the lower density and lower dose of nitrogen without potassium. The combination between lower density with higher potassium dose or neutral dose of both fertilizers is a preferable for length while, the higher density with both doses of potassium or with lower nitrogen, is an appropriate for diameter. The best treatment for both, dry weight and dry matter are wobbly.