Deforestation in Indonesia poses a significant threat to the region's biodiversity. We mapped forest cover in Kalimantan, Indonesia, in 2002, with imagery provided by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). The MODIS-based forest and nonforest map showed good agreement with other sources of recent data on forest cover. Comparison of MODIS forest cover with Indonesian government data from 1996 revealed that almost 3 million ha of forest were lost in Kalimantan since the major El Niño event of 1997-1998, when a drought produced unprecedented biomass burning in the region. Over two-thirds of the deforestation occurred in proposed and existing protected areas, especially those of 100,000-250,000 ha. The loss of forest in proposed and existing protected areas suggests that Kalimantan's protected-area network is no longer viable and that alternative conservation strategies, such as timber certification and improved monitoring and enforcement, are needed to preserve remaining forest habitats there.Pérdida de Cobertura Forestal en Kalimantan, Indonesia, desde El Niño de 1997-1998. Resumen: La deforestación en Indonesia es una amenaza significativa para la biodiversidad de la región.Mapeamos la cobertura forestal en Kalimantan, Indonesia en 2002 con imágenes proporcionadas por el espectrofotómetro de imágenes de resolución moderada (EIRM). El mapa de bosques basado en EIRM y el mapa deáreas sin bosque mostraron similitudes con otras fuentes de datos recientes sobre la cobertura forestal. La comparación de la cobertura forestal de EIRM con datos de 1996 del gobierno indonesio reveló que se perdieron casi 3 millones de ha de bosque en Kalimantan desde el importante evento de El Niño de 1997-1998 sequía importante produjo una quema de biomasa sin precedentes en la región. Más de las dos terceras partes de la deforestación ocurrieron enáreas protegidas existentes y propuestas, especialmente las de 100,000-250,000 ha. La pérdida de bosque enáreas protegidas propuestas y existentes sugiere que la red deáreas protegidas de Kalimantan ya no es viable y que se requieren estrategias alternativas de conservación, como la certificación de madera y el mejoramiento del monitoreo y la aplicación de leyes, para preservar los hábitats de bosque remanentes.
The utilization of peatlands as agricultural areas that do not pay attention to proper water management will result in peatland degradation. To restore the degraded peatlands, it is necessary to explore the peat’s hydrological and physical characteristics. Therefore this study investigates the hydro-physical peat characteristics in the peatlands that have been converted into agricultural use. The research was carried out in the Liang Anggang Protected Forest area, specifically in the area converted to agricultural land. Undisturbed peat samples were collected in both intensive and un-intensive agricultural sites. Peat characteristics were analysed in the laboratory include bulk density, particle density, porosity, total soil water content, and hydraulic conductivity variables. The result shows that peat characteristics in the intensive agricultural land significantly indicate higher bulk density and particle density with the values 0.30 g/cm3 and 0.91 g/cm3, respectively. Still, significantly lower values are found in porosity (66.87%), total soil water content (226.95%), and hydraulic conductivity (0.0025 cm/s). Degraded peatland restoration that functions as a protected forest must be carried out through rewetting activities and maintaining the water table depth. On the other side, the peatland whose function is designated as an agricultural area, wetland farming systems should be applied using adaptive crop species.
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