This study aims to determine the causes of decreased water level phenomenon that occurred in the early period of the rainy season. This phenomenon became anti-logic because when the rainwater has entered the soil surface layer, instead of groundwater in the saturated layer decreased (decline). This study is experimental field research conducted in Takalar. This research found that the phenomenon of decreased water level in the early period of the rainy season triggered by increasing of capillary pressure due to shrinking pore diameter after water began to infiltrate into the surface soil layer, i.e., the layer of the vadose zone. Increasing of capillary pressure caused the attraction of groundwater in the saturated zone to the vertical direction, so that the groundwater level has decreased significantly. Therefore, this phenomenon was called by the researcher as "capillary shock phenomenon." (2) The lowest groundwater level did not occur in the climax period of the dry season, but it happened in the early period of the rainy season. The phenomenon that took place during the climax of the dry season was the capillary pressure conditions in the lowest layer of the soil because soil pore diameter reached maximum conditions due to the high evaporation process. Groundwater pumping did not solely cause saltwater intrusion into fresh groundwater zone, but it also could be caused by groundwater decrease for each early period of the rainy season.
The use of groundwater for drinking purposes is increasing along with population growth and the wider range of human activities that require water. Groundwater is used more often because it is more accessible than surface water. The quality of groundwater suitable for consumption as drinking water must pass physical, chemical and biological parameter tests. This study aims to analyze the comparison of groundwater quality at depths of 30 and 100 meters in the area of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar and determine its suitability as drinking water based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters. This research is an experimental study with water sampling collected at two different locations: 30-meter and 100-meter depth wells. In each well, sampling was carried out three times so that there were six total water samples analyzed in total. Data collection was carried out by observation and laboratory tests. Observations were made by looking directly at groundwater conditions to measure parameters such as odor, color, temperature, and pH, while other parameters were tested in the laboratory. The data analysis results showed differences in the values of the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of groundwater taken at a depth of 30 meters and 100 meters. However, the two samples are still within the standard’s allowable range of values. This study concluded that groundwater at a depth of 100 meters in the Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar area has better water quality than groundwater at a depth of 30 meters. Therefore, if groundwater at a depth of 30 meters is to be used as drinking water with good quality, it must undergo specific treatment.
Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui persentase perbedaan hasil perhitungan antara hidrograf satuan amatan (Metode Collins) dengan metode hidrograf satuan sintesis (Metode Snyder) dan (Metode Nakayasu),untuk mengetahui parameter-parameter yang digunakan dalam kedua metode tersebut mengakibatkan perbedaan debit puncak (Qp), waktu mencapai puncak (Tp) dan waktu dasar (Tb) pada kedua metode tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian ini, maka kami dapat menarik beberapa kesimpulan terkait Penerapan Metode HS Collins dan HSS Snyder Pada DAS Maros sub DAS Maros-Tompobulu yaitu, kedua metode yang digunakan dalam tugas akhir ini memiliki parameter yang berbeda dalam pengaruh terhadap perubahan waktu mencapai puncak dan debit puncak. Pada metode HS Collins parameter Lc menjadi sangat berpengaruh untuk perubahan waktu mencapai puncak. Dan pada metode HS Snyder parameter α dan tg yang menjadi sangat berpengaruh untuk perubahan waktu mencapai puncak.
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