The JCS model provided sagittal plane flexion/extension data as well as internal/external rotation and abduction/adduction data.

Deviation of the GT marker in the cranial/caudal direction from an anatomically normal position produces a greater degree of difference than deviation in a dorsal/ventral direction.

Background: Little is known about the effect of dual cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase inhibition on canine gastric mucosal healing.Objective: This study compares the effects of putative dual COX and 5-lipoxygenase inhibition with that of COX-2 selective inhibition on gastric mucosal lesion healing in dogs.Animals: Six normal adult mixed-breed research dogs. Methods: Gastric body and pyloric lesions were induced by endoscopic biopsy. Dogs were treated with tepoxalin, firocoxib, or placebo for 7 days in a randomized 3-way crossover study design. Healing was evaluated on days 2, 4, and 7 of treatment by endoscopic lesion scoring. Eicosanoid concentrations in plasma and at the lesion margins were determined on days 2, 4, and 7. Repeated measures analyses were performed. All hypothesis tests were 2-sided with P o .05. Multiple comparisons were adjusted using Tukey's test.Results: Significant treatment differences were noted in the pyloric lesion area measurements. Overall, the firocoxib group had larger lesions than the placebo (P 5 .0469) or tepoxalin (P 5 .0089) groups. Despite larger pyloric lesions in the firocoxib group, mucosal prostaglandin production did not differ significantly from placebo. In contrast, the tepoxalin group had significantly lower pyloric mucosal prostaglandin production compared with the firocoxib (P o .0001) or the placebo (P o .0001) groups but pyloric lesions were not significantly larger than those of the placebo group (P 5 .7829).Conclusion: COX-2 inhibition by firocoxib slowed wound healing by a mechanism independent of prostaglandin synthesis. Suppression of mucosal prostaglandin production by tepoxalin did not alter mucosal lesion healing compared with placebo.

Preemptive administration of an NK(1) receptor antagonist failed to significantly improve subjective or objective outcome measures in dogs with monosodium urate-induced synovitis.