Anticancer medicines by affecting the process of spermatogenesis and damage to germ cells, leading to infertility. Cyclophosphamide (CP) as an alkylating agent and with antineoplastic activity is used for treatment of a variety of malignant tumours (Brannigan, 2007).Phosphoramide mustard and acrolein are two main active metabolites of CP, the first of which has a therapeutic role and the second has toxic effects such as apoptosis, and necrosis in normal tissues (Gu et al., 2017). Despite the high clinical applications of CP, its treatment is associated with adverse effects such as testicular toxicity and infertility. Oligospermia, azoospermia, disruption of the spermatogenesis cycle in testicular tissue are observed in patients receiving CP (Oliveira et al., 2020). In our previous study, we showed that CP led to increased oxidative stress, decreased testosterone, damage to sperm parameters, increased Caspase-3 activity (as an apoptosis biomarker) and changes in testicular tissue structure (Hamzeh et al., 2019). Chronic administration CP at low doses in males leads to increased mortality, induction of teratogenesis, abnormalities, infertility and impaired growth of their offspring
As an environmental contaminant, Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P; BaP) disrupts the antioxidant signaling and thus leads to the induction of oxidative stress and the damage of DNA in the ovary. low-dose atorvastatin (ATV) has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. The present study aimed to survey the effects of prenatal exposure to BaP on ovarian toxicity and also to investigate the protective role of ATV in reducing ovarian toxicity. In this study, rats were divided into seven groups: control, ATV (10 mg/kg), oil, BaP (10 and 20 mg/kg), and ATV + BaP (10 and 20 mg/kg). BaP and ATV were administrated from gestation day 7-16 (GD7 to GD16), orally. 10 weeks after the birth, female offsprings were examined for oxidative stress markers, sex hormones, ovarian and tubular tissue structure, and the apoptosis markers. Data showed that BaP significantly reduced glutathione, increased malondialdehyde level, and disrupted the tissue structure of the ovary. Moreover, estrogen and progesterone levels significantly decreased in the offsprings rats. Also, BaP increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity. Atorvastatin treatment along with BaP in the embryonic period were able to bring the antioxidant status and sex hormones levels relatively close to normal. Besides, histological findings showed that atorvastatin was able to improve ovarian and oviduct abnormalities caused by BaP. Based on the above studies be concluded that atorvastatin in the embryonic during was able to reduce ovarian damage caused by BaP with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.
We propose that EGCG may be effective in the protection of neuronal cells against retrograde apoptosis and may enhance neuronal survival time following nerve transection.
Background: Deltamethrin (DM) is one of the environmental factors that can have destructive effects on the male fertility. Green tea (GT) as a medicinal herb, has antioxidant property.
Objective: The present study investigated the protective role of GT extract in improving the harmful effects of DM on the testis.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 35 adult male mice (25–30 gr) were divided in to five groups (n = 7/each). The control group received only normal saline. Sham received 0.2 ml corn oil. Green tea group received only GT of 150 mg/kg. bw; deltamethrin group received the DM at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg. bw; GT + DM received both GT and DM. The effect of GT was assessed by measuring oxidative stress markers, sperm parameters, histological and immunohistochemical analysis.
Results: The results showed that the count and motility of spermatozoa, testosterone, and Malondialdehyde significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and the abnormal spermatozoa increased (p < 0.001) in DM group compared to control group. Moreover, enhanced caspase-3expression and apoptosis were observed in DM-treated mice compared to control group. Histologically, DM with a degenerative effect on testicular tissue reduced the spermatogenesis progenitor cells. The epithelial height and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules were also reduced in the DM group. Treatment with GT in the DM-treated mice significantly improved these changes.
Conclusion: With these findings, it was concluded that the GT treatment with antioxidant activity and anti-apoptotic property could protect the testicular injury induced by DM.
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