Calcium-doped lanthanum manganite (LCMO) powder was synthesized via hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the resulting powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES spectrometer), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The XRD results showed the existence of only one crystalline phase. FESEM image indicates that the LCMO sample has nanowire structure with an average diameter of ∼125 nm. The band gap energy of the sample was about 2.13 eV. The as-prepared nanowires showed sufficient visible-light photocatalytic activity for the water treatment from dyes and toxic organic materials. The photodegradation efficiency for decolourizing methylene blue solution (7 ppm) by LCMO nanowires (0.07g l −1), after 360 min illumination, was about 73% with a reaction rate constant of 0.003 min −1. The six times cycled results suggested the great long-term stability of the photocatalyst.

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The experimental liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for six ternary systems containing (chloroform+ propionic acid+water), (chloroform+acetic acid+water), (diethyl ether+propionic acid+water), (diethyl ether+acetic acid+water), (trichloroethylene+propionic acid+water) and (trichloroethylene+acetic acid+water) were measured at 288.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. An accurate and simple titration method was used for determining of the concentration of carboxylic acid in the both liquid phases at equilibrium. The reliability of the experimental tie-line data was confirmed by using the Othmer-Tobias correlation. The distribution coefficients and selectivity factors were presented to evaluate the efficiency of the solvents for extraction of carboxylic acid from water. The results show that chloroform and diethyl ether are satisfactory solvents for extraction of carboxylic acids from water. Trichloroethylene separates propionic acid from water; however, it cannot be used as a solvent for separation of acetic acid.