Neuroarchitecture uses neuroscientific tools to better understand architectural design and its impact on human perception and subjective experience. The form or shape of the built environment is fundamental to architectural design, but not many studies have shown the impact of different forms on the inhabitants’ emotions. This study investigated the neurophysiological correlates of different interior forms on the perceivers’ affective state and the accompanying brain activity. To understand the impact of naturalistic three-dimensional (3D) architectural forms, it is essential to perceive forms from different perspectives. We computed clusters of form features extracted from pictures of residential interiors and constructed exemplary 3D room models based on and representing different formal clusters. To investigate human brain activity during 3D perception of architectural spaces, we used a mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) approach recording the electroencephalogram (EEG) of participants while they naturally walk through different interior forms in virtual reality (VR). The results revealed a strong impact of curvature geometries on activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Theta band activity in ACC correlated with specific feature types (rs (14) = 0.525, p = 0.037) and geometry (rs (14) = −0.579, p = 0.019), providing evidence for a role of this structure in processing architectural features beyond their emotional impact. The posterior cingulate cortex and the occipital lobe were involved in the perception of different room perspectives during the stroll through the rooms. This study sheds new light on the use of mobile EEG and VR in architectural studies and provides the opportunity to study human brain dynamics in participants that actively explore and realistically experience architectural spaces.
With the expansion of urban life and technological development, human interaction with civil environments became inescapable. Yet, less is known about the psychological and cognitive consequences of human contact with buildings, constructions, and urban environments. In this study, we propose a systematic review of the recent attempts and experimental studies elaborating upon the emotional and perceptual influences of architectural environments on the human brain with an emphasis on the experimental procedures and techniques. To do so, the primary experimental studies were selected among the recent peer-reviewed literature, based on the PRISMA systematic review protocol. The pruned experimental articles contain a wide range of techniques and recording instruments for quantification of behavior and brain activities including Electroencephalography (EEG), eye tracking, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) techniques, and psychological measurements. We categorized the task-space of selected articles based on the environment and its stimuli properties into six subfields of “interior design”, “urban design”, “formal and spatial organization”, “facade design”, “energy and building”, and “natural scene”. Following this context-based categorization, the distribution of employed recording techniques was distinguished for each task-space division. Accordingly, more than 50 percent of the experimental studies were incorporated into the first two divisions. Surprisingly, our survey indicates there is a lack of multidisciplinary studies for the “Formal and Spatial Organization” category despite the obvious effects of the environment’s spatial organization on the occupant’s behavior, emotions, and performance. Among the existing literature, the EEG recording was the most frequently employed neuroimaging technique due to the technical efficacy of its recording setup and the high temporal resolution of its electrophysiological signals. In contrast, the fMRI studies were scarce probably because of restrictions in the implementation of some of the space-tasks. Although fMRI techniques have low temporal resolutions, this limitation does not make an issue in architectural tasks, where the temporal dynamics of the task have a slow pace. Moreover, the implication of fMRI imaging can provide higher spatial resolutions comparing to EEG techniques. Higher spatial resolutions are essential for advanced studies in the field of neurobehavioral architecture as it can lead us toward precise localization of brain circuits involved in complex neuro-architecture tasks. The extracted distribution of neuroimaging techniques suggests consideration of fMRI and eye-tracking techniques for future studies. In this review with extracting distribution of current literature and employed techniques, we provided an experimental framework for the field of neuroarchitecture and we aimed to shed light on vacancies and gaps that need to be filled in future studies.
Focusing on inhabitant’s climate comfort causes the neglect of personal and aesthetic factors that have effects on emotions and psychological comfort. Blindly adhering to sustainable design principles regardless of the basic architectural design parameters cause similar interior spaces in today’s housing of Iran. Interior space form is one the main design factors that has some effects on inhabitant’s emotions. It is a correlation research to study inhabitant’s emotions towards sustainable interior space by focusing on interior form. It illustrates that form can consider as an influential factor in creating and improving sustainable conditions according to inhabitant’s emotions.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Sustainable interior design; emotion; shape; PAD
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