Green Building Construction (GBC) is considered as an advancement towards sustainable development and providing a balance among health, economics, and social problems. Many countries have adopted various policies for GBC according to their conditions and regulations, including incentives and deterring programs. This study reviews a scientometric analysis of some published articles on the policies, incentives, and barriers to GBC from 1990 to 2019. The required data has been collected from the Web of Science (WoS) database, and then analyzed using Histcite, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer software. To accomplish this study, many items have been identified and ranked such as top journals, keyword co-occurrence networks, cluster analysis, the strongest citation burst, co-citation articles, most citations per year, and countries’ contribution to publishing, for the last three decades. Examining the trend of changes in publication of the related papers and interpretations of the analyses can be used for future research in each of the components, in addition to the creation of a knowledge-based view of past studies.
Consideration of moment redistribution (MR) in the design of continuous reinforced concrete (RC) beams results in an efficient and economical design. Adding fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials to RC structures to enhance flexural capacity leads to a reduction in ductility such that design standards severely limit the exploitation of MR in the design of FRP strengthening systems. This has forced engineers to use elastic analyses for the strengthening design which leads to waste of FRP materials under many circumstances. To overcome this, complicated or empirical solutions have been applied to solve the problem of MR in FRP-strengthened RC members, with limited success. This paper presents a novel theoretical strategy for quantifying and tracking MR in such members by employing basic structural mechanics without any need for estimating rotation capacity or ductility. Fully non-linear flexural behaviour of continuous FRPstrengthened members can be predicted, and any geometry, loading arrangement and strengthening technique or configuration can be considered. The numerical model is validated against existing experimental data from the literature. Good agreement is shown between the experimental and numerical data, with the significance of this work being that, potentially, for the first time MR could credibly and confidently be incorporated into design guides for FRP strengthening of RC structures.
Due to the premature debonding of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials which results in a reduction in ductility, the problem of how to exploit moment redistribution (MR) in FRP-strengthened continuous reinforced concrete (RC) structures is still unresolved. To date, limited research has been conducted into MR in such structures, so that a reliable and rigorous solution for quantifying MR throughout the loading cycle remains elusive. This paper aims to quantify MR and predict the capacity at reasonable accuracy, to encourage the use of FRP for the strengthening of existing continuous RC structures. Experiments conducted on twelve continuous T-beams are reported, and the findings are discussed. Strengthening configuration and anchorage scheme are the main variables. A new analytical strategy is described for quantifying MR, and the analytical results are then validated against the experimental results. Both experimental and analytical results confirm that there is no reason to restrict MR into strengthened zones. More importantly, MR out of FRP-strengthened zones can indeed occur, provided that the FRP is sufficiently anchored, and reliable exploitation of this is now possible.
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