In fluid therapy, circulation is restored by increasing extracellular fluid. Proper functioning of cells depends greatly on water because it plays an essential role in chemical and metabolic reactions inside cells, transports nutrients to cells, removes waste from cells, and regulates body temperature. The balance between the input and output of fluids in the body is called fluid balance which helps metabolic processes function correctly [1]. Acute diarrhea remains a leading cause of death among children in developing countries [2]. Globally, in 2015, estimated that diarrhea was a leading cause of death among all ages (1•31 million deaths), and diarrhea was a common cause of death among children under 5 years old [3]. Nurses are in charge of initiating, monitoring, and terminating fluid therapy. They also need to know and prevent complications caused by catheter inserted through a vein or resulted from Background and objectives: Dehydration caused by diarrhea is considered as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children all over the world, fluid therapy remain the most effective methods to treat dehydration. Nurses are responsible for initiating, monitoring, terminating, knowing preventing and complications of intravenous fluid therapy. The main aim of the study was to compare nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning fluid therapy in children in public versus private hospitals. Methods: A comparative study design was conducted in children hospitals in Erbil City. A randomized sampling technique was used for enrolling 98 nurses from three pediatric hospitals ; from three pediatric hospitals; 70 from Rapareen Public Hospital other 28 nurses from Lala and Consultant Medical City Private Hospitals. The data were collected through direct interview and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics (paired Samples t-test) using SPSS 22.0. Results: The results revealed that highest percentage of nurses age group were 22-28 years, 67.1% %were female in public hospital , about 34.3% and 64.3% graduated from institutes in both hospitals. there was no significant difference between the nurses sociodemographic characteristics from public hospital and private hospitals. There was a significant difference between the nurses from public hospital and private hospitals regarding their KAP. The nurses from private hospital have better KAP than public Hospital . Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of fluid therapy among nurses of Rapareen Public Hospital were poor, while the nurses from private hospitals had an acceptable level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of fluid therapy.

Cloud computing is considering as a popular computing model in the Western World. It is still not well understood by much higher education (HE) institutions in the developing world. CC will have a huge effect on the academic and learning environment which will enable their users (i.e., students, educators, and heads) to play out their undertakings adequately with less expense by using the accessible applications based on the clouding offered by the cloud specialist organizations. This study aims to evaluate the factors that influence the adoption of CC for Higher Education within the Kurdistan Region in Iraq. The study was performed utilizing a non-experimental study exploratory research design. This exploratory study included an essential investigation into secondary data. The study development and modeling of secondary data to highlight the final results of the research. Through reviewing the literature of the existing frameworks in CC adoption, it is showed that there are limited institutions developed over the latest years. Moreover, HE in Kurdistan Region needs continued attention to get government support and redesign the educational system to cover all the core aspects in a better way. Here, at any time there is a need to access the applications, software and hardware, platform, and infrastructure; the most required is to have the internet service.

Cloud computing is considering as a popular computing model in the Western World. It is still not well understood by much higher education (HE) institutions in the developing world. CC will have a huge effect on the academic and learning environment which will enable their users (i.e., students, educators, and heads) to play out their undertakings adequately with less expense by using the accessible applications based on the clouding offered by the cloud specialist organizations. This study aims to evaluate the factors that influence the adoption of CC for Higher Education within the Kurdistan Region in Iraq. The study was performed utilizing a non-experimental study exploratory research design. This exploratory study included an essential investigation into secondary data. The study development and modeling of secondary data to highlight the final results of the research. Through reviewing the literature of the existing frameworks in CC adoption, it is showed that there are limited institutions developed over the latest years. Moreover, HE in Kurdistan Region needs continued attention to get government support and redesign the educational system to cover all the core aspects in a better way. Here, at any time there is a need to access the applications, software and hardware, platform, and infrastructure; the most required is to have the internet service.

There are around 8.64 million women in Iraq who need to maternal health. While, maternal health program in Iraq is considerably down regulated, the vertical national health program, maternal health, has been not monitored appropriately. The aim of this study was to determine the most essential preliminary indicators for monitoring maternal health program in Kurdistan/ Iraq, and to assess those technical challenges for computerizing the maternal health program of Kurdistan Regional Government. This is interventional hospital based study which was carried out in Darbandikhan district- Kurdistan State. An access database was developed for entering whole records of the maternal health program components data in the 200 mothers’ file. And, we got staff belief about database. The study has shown that antenatal care visit record would be a good indicator for assessing maternal health program, when the program was computerized. And, the staff had a positive attitude to computerize the program. This database could accelerate the monitoring and evaluating the maternal health program in considering to indicators of the program.