Stress cracking of two corn hybrids (White, SC-10 and Yellow, SC-162) dried at various temperatures (35, 50, 60, 75 and 100 o C) from 21.2% to 13% moisture content and tempered for 24hr at ambient temperature (22 1 o C with available relative humidity) were tested. A breakage tester (BT-drop tester) was manufactured and a single-grain breakage susceptibility of two corn hybrids at various grain temperatures and times after drying (0, 3 ,6 , 10, 20 and 30min) were evaluated. The results indicated that, the damage index significantly increased as the drying temperature increased for two corn hybrids except at 100 o C with SC-162, it was decreased. The SC-162 was more susceptible to cracking more than SC-10 hybrid especially at lower grain temperature. Also, the predicted models and observation showed that both hybrids were plastic and had minimal breakage susceptibility at high grain temperatures from 72 to 93 o C, while, decreasing grain temperature increased breakage exponentially. After drying at both 75 and 100 o C, the breakage of the two corn hybrids increased rapidly for the first 10min after drying and reached an asymptotic level after around 10min cooling after finishing drying at ambient temperature. At the same drying temperature (75 o C), the breakage susceptibility increased by 37.4% for SC-10 and by 51.5% for SC-162 with the average stress cracks (multiple and checked) kernels for two hybrids of about 20.2%.
Climatic condition around the plant greatly affected by differ plant density, since the high plant density could increase relative humidity around the plants and increase the smut incidence in maize plants. The present study reported that, increasing plant density from 20.000 to 30.000 plants/fed. Significantly decreased the yield, ear length and increased percent of infection by the disease .In the reverse, the disease index was increased by decreasing plant density. The optimum plant density which gave the highest yield, the longest ear and moderately infection by the smut disease was 20.000 plants /fed. Moreover, the single crosses 107, bashaier -13 gave the lowest rate of infection percent and disease index comparing with other tested caultivars. The open pollinated variety G-2 and Bush gave the highest rate of susceptibility infection percent and disease index. The results revealed that resistant to common smut deferred significantly from one year to another, meanwhile the disease index not varied in the two years.
Maize genotypes reactions against ear and kernels rots causal organisms studied under natural infection at two plant density and different harvest dates at Sakha Agricultural Research Station. Field experiments were designed in split plot design in four replications during summer Season of 1999 and 2000. The main finding could be summarized as follows:The results showed that single crosses 107 and 122 gave the lowest degree of infection by ear and kernel rot disease under the low plant density (20,000 plants/fed). The single cross 120 and Bashaier-13 gave intermediate reaction, while the open pollinated varieties Giza-2 and Bush gave the highest degree of infection by all tested disease at both low and high plant densities. Moreover, Fusarium moniliforme was predominated on/in the maize grains. Its frequency percentage tended to high in all tested cultivars grown at all harvest dates, and its infected the kernels before any other agents of kernel or ear rot. On the other hand, Penicillium Sp., Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus miger caused high infection in only late harvest date (135 days after planting).Generally, increasing plant density from 20,000 to 30,000 plants/fed. has significantly increasing for the ear and kernels rot disease, while the ear length, ear diameter, number of kernels/row and number of rows/ear were decreased. The optimum plant density was 20,000 plants/fed, which gave the low degree of infection and high production of grain yield production.
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