Background Emergency cesarean section is a commonly performed surgical procedure in pregnant women with life-threatening conditions of the mother and/or fetus. According to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, decision to delivery interval for emergency cesarean sections should be within 30 min. It is an indicator of quality of care in maternity service, and if prolonged, it constitutes a third-degree delay. This study aimed to assess the decision to delivery interval and associated factors for emergency cesarean section in Bahir Dar City Public Hospitals, Ethiopia. Method An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Bahir Dar City Public Hospitals from February to May 2020. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. A combination of observations and interviews was used to collect the data. Data entry and analysis were performed using Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 25, respectively. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Result Decision-to-delivery interval below 30 min was observed in 20.3% [95% CI = 15.90–24.70%] of emergency cesarean section. The results showed that referral status [AOR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.26–5.00], time of day of emergency cesarean section [AOR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.26–4.92], status of surgeons [AOR = 2.95, 95%CI = 1.30–6.70], type of anesthesia [AOR = 4, 95% CI = 1.60–10.00] and transfer time [AOR = 5.26, 95% CI = 2.65–10.46] were factors significantly associated with the decision to delivery interval. Conclusion Decision-to-delivery intervals were not achieved within the recommended time interval. Therefore, to address institutional delays in emergency cesarean section, providers and facilities should be better prepared in advance and ready for rapid emergency action.

Background Oral rehydration therapy is a critical intervention to save the lives of children during episodes of diarrhea and vomiting. However, millions of children die every year due to failure to replace fluid effectively. Nearly all dehydration-related deaths can be preventable by prompt administration of rehydration therapy. The current study aimed to assess oral rehydration therapy utilization and associated factors among children with diarrhea in Debre Berhan town. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2020. The study participants were selected by systematic random sampling. The first household was selected randomly by the lottery method. The collected data were checked for completeness and relevance, and then entered into EPI data and transferred to SPSS for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the ORT utilization and predictor variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered a cutoff point for statistical significance for all statistical tests. Results The study included 233 participants with a 99% response rate. Among them, 73% [95% Cl: 66.8 78.6] of caregivers had given oral rehydration therapy to their children. Previous use of oral rehydration therapy [AOR: 5.3, Cl: 2.1–13.32], health-seeking behavior [AOR: 5.7, Cl: 2.07–15.6], knowledge about oral rehydration therapy [AOR: 4.2, Cl: 1.7–10.46], caregivers’ perception of tooth eruption [AOR: 3.13, Cl: 1.08–9], weaning as causes of diarrhea [AOR: 6.7, Cl: 2.49–17.9], and recognize the severity sign of dehydration [AOR: 5.6, Cl: 2.16–14.7] became significant factors of oral rehydration therapy. Conclusion Nearly two-thirds of the mothers give oral rehydration therapy while their child develops diarrhea. Mothers had previous oral rehydration therapy, good health-seeking behavior, knowledge about oral rehydration therapy, caregivers’ perception of tooth eruption, and weaning as causes of diarrhea. Signs to recognize the severity of dehydration were important factors with oral rehydration therapy utilization. It will be better to give mothers special attention to hindering factors from giving oral rehydration therapy for their beloved child during diarrheal disease.

Background: Anxiety is an un-pleasurable emotional state associated with psychophysiological changes in response to an intrapsychic conflict. The perioperative period is one of the worrying events for most surgical patients. Despite preoperative anxiety having many negative consequences on post-operative physical and mental health, no adequate information on the degree to which the preoperative period exposed clients to preoperative anxiety and its associated factors. Objective: To assess the prevalence of preoperative anxiety and associated factors among adult surgical patients in Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1, 2020, to August 30, 2020. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale (S-STAI) was used to measure the level of pre-operative anxiety. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to collect the data. The data were entered to Epi-Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for data analysis. A statistically significant association was declared at a p-value less than 0.05. Results: A total of 330 patients were enrolled in the study with a response rate of 93.2%. The prevalence of a high level of preoperative anxiety was 53.6% (95% CI (49.6-58.7)). Being female 3.2 (2.19, 3.71) illiterate 4.1 (2.01, 15.39), fear of death 2.12 (1.30, 3.44), results of operation 2.60 (1.75, 4.18), postoperative pain 2.35 (1.37, 4.02), and surgical complication 1.9 (1.03, 12.13) were statistically significant factors. Conclusion:Preoperative anxiety affects more than half of surgical patients which is a high and serious health burden. Additionally, this study revealed that being female, illiterate, fear of death, having a history of surgical complications and fear of complications, and fear of postoperative pain were significantly associated with preoperative anxiety. Assessing during the preoperative period helps to detect and ameliorate the problem. Preoperative counseling and informed consent taken as a prerequisite for surgery will help in reducing preoperative anxiety.

Introduction: Intimate partner violence is one of the most common psychological, physical, and sexual assaults toward women which suit the entire life of women, and nowadays, the magnitude accelerates due to coronavirus pandemic. Hence, this study was aimed to examine the prevalence of intimate partner violence and predictors during coronavirus among childbearing-age residents in Debre Berhan. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was employed from 1 May to 1 July 2020. Eight items of women abuse screening tool were used to estimate intimate partner violence. Trained data collectors directly interview randomly selected participants. The data were entered using Epi-info V. 7 and analyzed using SPSS V. 23. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence and the frequency distribution of other variables. During bivariate analysis, predictor variables with a p-value less than 0.25 were nominated to further analysis. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 700 participants were included with a response rate of 95.1%. The prevalence of intimate partner violence in the past single year was 19% with 95% confidence interval = 16.1–21.9. Besides, the prevalence of emotional (19.9%, 95% confidence interval = 16.9–22.8), sexual (10.9%, 95% confidence interval = 8.6–13.2) and physical (9.4%, 95% confidence interval = 7.3–11.6) violence was reported. Women with depressive symptoms, overweight, suicidal ideation, and body image disturbance were significantly associated with intimate partner violence, but not educational status, employment, income, stressful life events, lifetime alcohol use, suicidal attempt, and abortion. Conclusion and recommendation: Nearly one out of five interviewed participants had intimate partner violence. Being overweight, having poor body image, and having depression increase intimate partner violence. Special preventive measures and treatment, and other legal services should be taken to alleviate the predictor variables and intimate partner violence.

Background: Depression and overweight are serious public health problems and the most common complications of childbearing age with many negative consequences on the mental health of women and their children in the world. Even though both have a serious impact, no study has been done in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence of depression and associated factors among normal and overweight reproductive-age women in Debre Berhan town. Methods: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from April-June 2020. Patient health questionnaire-9 was used to measure the level of depression and list of threatening experience for stressful life events. Body mass index values of 18.5-24.9 and 25-29.9 kg/m 2 were used to classify as normal, and overweight, respectively. The data were entered into Epi Data V. 4.6 and were analyzed using SPSS V. 25. A statistically significant association was declared at a p-value < 0.05. Results: From 1530 participants the response rate were 96.1% and 100% for normal and overweight women, respectively. The prevalence of depression among normal weight women was 26.02% (95% CI: 23.3%, 28.73%) whereas among overweight was 32.89% (95% CI: 28.85%, 36.93%). For women who have normal weight; being exposed to stressful life events, having poor social support, and body image disturbance were statistically significant factors. For women who have overweight, stressful life events, body image disturbance, and experienced weight stigma were significantly associated. Conclusion and Recommendation: Depression among overweight women was high compared to normal weight in Debre Berhan town. Promoting social support at any aspect of health care services are very important to minimize depression. Especially for overweight women, encouraging management of medical illness, coping mechanisms for different stressful life events and potentiating self-confidence towards body image are a vital means to prevent depression. Health promotion program targeting reproductive age women with significant associated factors are important to overcome overweight and depression in Debre Berhan town.

Background The magnitude and impact of women's suicidal behaviors, like suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts, are an important public health problem in low and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Suicidal behavior and being overweight are typical complications of reproductive age with many undesired consequences. Despite both having a serious impact on women of reproductive age, they are neglected in Ethiopia. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the magnitude and determinants of suicide among overweight reproductive-age women in Chacha and Debre Berhan towns, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was once employed from April 1, 2020 to June 1, 2020. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to measure suicidal attempts and ideation, and the data was collected by direct interview. All collected data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and analyzed with SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable regression models were used to determine the factors associated with a suicidal attempt and ideation. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result Of the total participants, 523 were included, with a response rate of 93.7%. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 13.0% (95% CI 10.1–15.9), whereas suicidal attempt was 2.3% (95% CI 1.1–3.6). Based on multivariable regression analysis, the odds of suicidal ideation have been higher among overweight women with stressful life events, depression, and younger age groups. Conclusion Suicidal ideation was frequent in overweight reproductive-age women. Preventing, treating, and using coping mechanisms regarding identified factors is a good way to minimize the burden of suicide.