The aim of this study was to determine whether interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 concentrations, as well as numbers of seminal leukocytes in a population of infertile men, some of whom were Chlamydia trachomatis positive, were related to chlamydial infection. Our patient group included 255 men attending for diagnostic semen analysis as part of infertility investigations. Significantly raised levels of IL-8, but not IL-6, were found in C trachomatis-infected patients but not in uninfected patients. Raised IL-8 levels in semen were also associated with an increase in semen volume. There was a relationship between C trachomatis infection and lower progressive motile sperm, as well as an increase in seminal leukocytes. The overall prevalence rate for C trachomatis was 6.2%, and more infections were detected in semen than in first void urine. This study supports the suggestion that IL-8 might be used as a marker for male genital tract infection, especially when due to C trachomatis. In this study, there was a relationship between the presence of C trachomatis in semen and alterations of some semen parameters. Further investigations should be performed to understand the disparities of first void urine and semen testing for detection of C trachomatis in males.

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