BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Plummer Vinson syndrome (PVS) is a rare triad of dysphagia, iron deficiency, and esophageal webs. This study aims to assess the frequency of PVS in patients presenting with dysphagia. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Otolaryngology from 1st April 2020 to 31st March 2021. A total of 164 patients having dysphagia for a minimum of two weeks duration were enrolled. The patient's data was recorded using a pre-designed questionnaire for PVS assessments, complete blood count, serum ferritin levels and barium swallow test results were obtained, and a radiologist was consulted for the upper esophageal web. RESULTS: The observed frequency of PVS among patients with dysphagia was 11(6.7%). Female gender turned out to be significantly associated with PVS occurrence (p=0.001), while age (p=0.748) and duration of dysphagia (p=1.00) showed no significant association with it. Among those with PVS, 72.7% of patients were >40 years of age, 90.9% were females, and 81.8% had a duration of dysphagia >4 weeks. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that PVS is not very frequent among patients with dysphagia. But since it increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx and the esophagus, therefore, such patients should be followed closely for the presence of PVS and treated promptly to avoid morbidity and mortality.
Aim: To look at the relative frequency and prevalence of the otomycosis in individuals visited ENT department of Bahawal Victoria hospital, Bahawalpur. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at ENT department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur during 2019-2020. Forty-Two individuals (27 males and 15 females) with a diagnosis of otomycosis on clinical basis were mycologically investigated. To diagnose the condition, ear samples were taken and immediately examined using 10% KOH, followed by culture on Saburo dextrose agar plus Saburo dextrose agar also having chloramphenicol. Different laboratory approaches and differential testing were utilized to determine the kind of fungal species. Ethical approval was taken from Ethical review board of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Results: Only 42 individuals (66.6%) were identified with otomycosis in this research based on laboratory data, out of 63 people undergoing a clinical diagnosis of otomycosis There were 27 male participants (42.8%) and 15 female participants (23.8%) among them. Penicillium, Aspergillus glaucous, Aspergillus fumigates, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger have 1 (1.5%), 3 (4.7%), 3 (4.7%), 9 (14.6%) and 26 (41.2%) cases respectively. Conclusion: The most prevalent fungus identified was Aspergillus and Candida species. Key Words: Otomycosis, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans
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