Background and Aim: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological disorders in the world. The current study aims to know the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its management practices among adolescent girls. The study also aim to assess predictors of dysmenorrhea treatment options. Materials and Methods: This institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Mardan Women Hospital, Sheikh Maltoon Town Mardan and Jinnah International Hospital, Abbottabad from June 2020 to November 2020. Pretested self-administrated and a semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection from volunteer adolescent girls to take part in this study. The outcome and exposure variables association was evaluated through a multi regression model and chi-square test. Dysmenorrhea risk was reported by taking the odds ratio at a confidence interval of 95%. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis and statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: Of the total 680 questionnaires, 601 (88.4%) were completed. The response rate and dysmenorrhea prevalence were 88.4% and 53.3% respectively. The mean age of the adolescents was 16.3 ± 1.92. While mean age for Menarche was 12.41 ± 1.62. A significant difference (t= 5.78, p< 0.001) between dysmenorrhea and non-dysmenorrhea age girls was (16.81 ±1.98) and (12.56 ± 1.65) respectively. The common symptom of waist pain among participants was (345, 57.4%). The prevalence of participants taking Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for menstrual symptoms was 191 (31.8%). Dysmenorrhea’s severity and age were the two significant predictors for the prospect of taking a dysmenorrhea pharmacological agent. Conclusion: Our study concluded that a higher prevalence of dysmenorrhea was observed among adolescents compared to Menarche which adversely affects the routine major activities. A significant association between self-reported dysmenorrhea and the abnormal menstrual cycle was found. Adolescents must be educated early on about the safety and efficacy of various dysmenorrhea management options. Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, Adolescence, Menarche
Objective: To determine the frequency of anemia in pregnant women with preterm labour. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jinnah International Hospital (Teaching Hospital of Women Medical College), Abbottabad. Period: July 2020 to December 2020. Material & Methods: The study comprised 171 females with a singleton pregnancy on ultrasound, gestational age of 24 to 37 weeks on ultrasound, parity 0-4 and preterm labour. Patients with history of cervical insufficiency, vaginal infection in last one year and urinary tract infection in last one year were excluded. Venous blood was collected from all 171 women in sodium EDTA tube by a 3rd year resident and was immediately sent to laboratory. Hemoglobin < 9 g/dL was recorded as anemia. Results: The participants in this study ranged in age from 18 to 40 years, with mean age of 28.274±3.48 years, mean gestational age was 30.473±3.37 weeks, mean parity1.064±1.28 and mean weight was 73.836±9.74. Anemia was seen in 41.5% patients. Conclusion: The study gave us the information about the importance of iron deficiency anemia as a risk factor for preterm labor.
Objective: Main purpose of this study is to determine the effects of pandemic disease COVID-19 on first and second trimester pregnancies. Study Design: Cross-sectional/Descriptive study Place and Duration: Study was conducted at Gynae and Obs department of Jinnah International Hospital, Abbottabad for duration of 10 months from January to October, 2021. Methods: Total ninety pregnant women of ages 18- 35 years were presented in this study. All the presented women had pandemic disease COVID-19. Women had first and second trimester pregnancies. Patients’ age, body mass index, parity, education status, socio-economic status and residency were calculated after taking informed written consent. Chi square and t-test was performed to differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Outcomes were assessed in terms of stress, depression among mothers and low birth weight of infants, perinatal death, preterm delivery, and C-section. Data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0 version. Results: Among 90 pregnant women 40 (44.4%) patients had first trimester pregnancies and 50 (55.6%) females had second trimester pregnancies. Mean age of the patients was 29.16±6.34 years and had mean BMI 22.13±5.16 kg/m2. Majority of the patients 52 (57.8%) had parity primipara. 44 (48.9%) patients were educated and majority of the patients were financially weak 62 (68.9%). 55 (61.1%) females were from urban areas. 54 (60%) females were symptomatic and 36 (40%) were asymptomatic. Frequency of depression among females was 68 (75.6%) and depression was found in 61 (67.8%) cases. Low birth weight was found in 22 (24.4%) cases, prevalence of preterm delivery was among 38 (42.2%) cases, number of C-section among cases was 47 (52.2%). Perinatal death was found in 7 (7.8%) cases. Majority of the patients with infants were instantly discharged after delivery 75 (83.3%) and 8 patients were admitted because of severity of pandemic disease. Conclusion: We determined in this study that Covid-19 among females with trimester first and second pregnancies were highly affected and had severity of psychotic disorders at start of disease but had lower adverse outcomes with low perinatal mortality. Majority of the females were recovered and discharged safely after delivery. Keywords: Pregnancy, Trimester, C-section, Coronavirus, Outcomes
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