Purpose: The aim of the study was to emphasize the compressive strength and flexural strength of glass-ionomer cement (GIC)–gold hybrid, conventional GIC, and resin-modified GIC (RMGIC). Methodology: Three GIC materials were used in the study: group A: GC–gold hybrid (Gold Label hybrid Universal Restorative), group B: type II conventional GIC, and group C: RMGIC. A total of 120 cylindrical test specimens of dimensions 4 mm diameter × 6 mm height were prepared from a custom-made Teflon mold according to respective study groups. The specimens prepared were then stored in 20 mL of deionized water at 37°C for 3 h daily for 30 days, and the solutions were changed every week, after which they were tested for compressive strength and flexural strength by using a universal force testing machine. All the results were analyzed by SPSS software and were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: The mean compressive strength was the highest for group A and lowest for group B. Similarly, the mean flexural strength was the highest for group A and lowest for group B. Conclusion: The conclusions can be drawn from this in-vitro study that the compressive strength and flexural strength of GC–gold hybrid were greater than those of RMGIC and conventional GIC.
Background:The process of cleaning and shaping the canal is not an easy goal to obtain, as canal curvature played a significant role during the instrumentation of the curved canals.Aim:The present in vivo study was conducted to evaluate procedural errors during the preparation of curved root canals using hand Nitiflex and rotary K3XF instruments.Materials and Methods:Procedural errors such as ledge formation, instrument separation, and perforation (apical, furcal, strip) were determined in sixty patients, divided into two groups. In Group I, thirty teeth in thirty patients were prepared using hand Nitiflex system, and in Group II, thirty teeth in thirty patients were prepared using K3XF rotary system. The evaluation was done clinically as well as radiographically. The results recorded from both groups were compiled and put to statistical analysis.Statistical Analysis:Chi-square test was used to compare the procedural errors (instrument separation, ledge formation, and perforation).Results:In the present study, both hand Nitiflex and rotary K3XF showed ledge formation and instrument separation. Although ledge formation and instrument separation by rotary K3XF file system was less as compared to hand Nitiflex. No perforation was seen in both the instrument groups.Conclusion:Canal curvature played a significant role during the instrumentation of the curved canals. Procedural errors such as ledge formation and instrument separation by rotary K3XF file system were less as compared to hand Nitiflex.
Background:Calcifications can occur in the dental pulp as discrete bodies known as pulp stones. Their etiology remains obscure. They were believed to be formed as a result of local irritating factors within the pulp; however, a few authors now suggest that they may be a part of systemic biomineralization process that affects many body parts such as kidneys, gall bladder, joints, arteries as well as pulp leading to formation of stones.Aim:This retrospective case–control study was taken up to (i) determine the prevalence of pulp stones as well as pulp chamber narrowing in patients with gallbladder stones as well as the controls (ii) whether any correlation exists between the prevalence of pulp stones and gallbladder stones so as to test the hypothesis that pulp stones and gallbladder stones may be a part of a common systemic calcification process.Setting and Design:This retrospective case–control study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar. A total of 200 individuals were taken up for the study. Group I consisted of 100 patients (cases) with confirmed diagnosis of gallbladder stones. Group II included the control group in which individuals who were the close relatives of the patients with gall bladder stones were taken (n = 100), so as to eliminate the common confounding factors in these two groups such as diet, air, water, environment, genes, and age, which could affect the formation of pulp stones could not be the reason for the formation of pulp stones.Materials and Methods:Standard bitewing radiographs were taken for all the patients in each group and presence or absence of pulp chamber narrowing and pulp stones were observed.Statistical Analysis Used:McNemar's statistical test was used to find the difference between the two groups, and the P value was determined. Coefficient of association using the Phi coefficient was used to determine if there was any association between the two groups.Results:In Group I, 37% of the patients with gallbladder stones showed the presence of pulp stones; whereas in the Group II which was the control, 57% of individuals showed the presence of pulp stones. McNemar's test of significance calculated with one-degree freedom (1-df) showed that P = 0.01, thereby showing that there was a significant difference between these two groups.Conclusion:According to the study, a negative correlation between pulp stones and gallbladder stones was found and they are not related to each other.
Root canal system acts as an 'affluent sanctuary' for the growth and survival of endodontic microbiota. This is attributed to the special environment which the microbes get inside the root canals. Although variety of microbes such as viruses and fungi have been isolated from the root canal system, bacteria are the most commonly found to be associated with Endodontic infections. These are the first to reach the pulp and initiate the pulpal reaction through direct pulp exposure, lateral/accessory canals or through periodontal membrane and blood stream. The oral cavity is home to multiple anatomic micro niches which may vary from birth to old age due to changes in oral environment however root canal being the closed space harbours different microbiota including gram negative and positive microorganisms. To achieve the best results with root canal therapy it becomes important to have knowledge about the residing microbiota and how to combat them.
Objective: The study was done to evaluate the average time taken by the operators to apply the rubber dam, procedure time and the acceptability or rejection of placement of rubber dam by the patients during endodontic treatment procedures. Design: The study was carried out on 450 patients requiring endodontic treatment reported at department during the time interval of May, 2021 to August, 2021. Out of 450 patients, 180 patients were randomly selected for the study by lottery method. All the endodontic procedures were performed under rubber dam isolation and rubber dam application time and time for isolation was determined. Further, a questionnaire survey was performed to evaluate the patient’s acceptance or rejection of procedures rubber dam and various reasons for rejection. Results: The highest number of respondents belonged to 21-30 years of age group i.e. 26.6% followed by 31-40 years i.e. 26.11%. Average rubber dam application time and procedure time were estimated as 4.04 and 44.07 minutes respectively. More than 90 % of the participants were willing to accept the procedure under rubber dam isolation in future. However, on contrary, only 9.44 % of the participants rejected the procedure under rubber dam isolation and the most common reasons for rejection were uneasiness felt by the patient and difficulty in breathing. Conclusions: The acceptability of rubber dam isolation while performing endodontic procedures/ treatments was quite significant among the patients. Very few patients had allergy to the latex material of rubber dam sheets and respiratory disorders.
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