The present paper deals with the study of substratum and macrobenthic invertebrate fauna inhabiting stream, Ban Ganga .The detailed study reveals that the diversity, abundance and distribution of macrobenthic organisms is affected by various sediment characteristics viz. texture, pH, conductivity, organic carbon and organic matter etc. The macrobenthic biodiversity of the stream is represented by three major phyla viz., Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca out of which Oligochaetes (Annelids) and Dipterans (Arthropoda) formed the major bulk of benthic forms at all the stations whereas Odonates (Arthropoda) and leeches (Arthropoda) contributed minima towards the total benthic population. Also, analysis of Pearson's coefficient of correlation showed the relationship between sediment characteristics (coarse sand, fine sand, pH, conductivity, organic matter and organic phosphorous) and different phyla.
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