Objective: To report the epidemiology of Women's National Professional Fast-Pitch (NPF) softball injuries during the 2017 season. The secondary objective was to evaluate risk factors for pitching injuries. Design/Setting: Prospective injury data were collected from the primary clinical care of 6 professional softball teams. Participants: The NPF study population consisted of 153 players. Independent Variables: Data collection included the following: number of practices each week, diagnosis of the injury, game or practice injury, position played when sustaining the injury, treatment for the injury, number of missed practices and/or games as a result of the injury, and total days until return to play. Main Outcome Measures: Injury rate (IR) overall, IR in position players, and IR in pitchers. Secondary outcomes included risk assessment for injury in pitchers; descriptive statistics on the injuries recorded in all players. Results: Pitchers reported both upper extremity and lower extremity injuries equally, whereas positional players reported more lower extremity injuries. Pitchers were also most likely to be injured during a practice than a game. Overall, there were 3.26 reported game injuries per 1000 athlete exposures (AE) and 4.79 practice injuries per 1000 AE. Pitchers specifically had 1.88 reported game injuries per 1000 AE and 5.66 practice injuries per 1000 AE. Conclusions: In contrast to previous data, our study showed an increased IR in practice as compared to games in both position players and pitchers. Significant injuries were relatively rare, and most injuries seemed minor, usually with less than 7 days missed, suggesting a relative safety associated with this sport.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections have been documented with increasing frequency in both team and individual sports in recent years. It also seems that the level of MRSA skin and soft tissue infections in the general population has increased.Methods: One hundred ninety athletes from 6 local high school football teams were recruited for this prospective observational study to document nasal colonization and the potential role this plays in skin and soft tissue infections in football players and, in particular, MRSA infections. Athletes had nasal swabs done before their season started, and they filled out questionnaires regarding potential risk factors for skin and soft tissue infections. Those enrolled in the study were then observed over the course of the season for skin and soft tissue infections. Those infected had data about their infections collected.Results: One hundred ninety of 386 available student athletes enrolled in the study. Forty-four of the subjects had nasal colonization with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, and none were colonized with MRSA. There were 10 skin and soft tissue infections (8 bacterial and 2 fungal) documented over the course of the season. All were treated as outpatients with oral or topical antibiotics, and none were considered serious. Survey data from the preseason questionnaire showed 21% with skin infection, 11% with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, and none with MRSA infection during the past year. Three reported a remote history of MRSA infection. Conclusions

Our data supported the placement of AEDs in high schools given the frequency of use for sudden cardiac arrest and the survival rate reported. They also suggested the need for increased awareness of recommendations for EAPs and the need to formulate and practice EAPs. School EAPs should emphasize planning for events in the vicinity of athletic facilities.

Objectives: The goals of this review are to evaluate the quality of the evidence on the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and death (SCA/D) in athletes and military members; and to estimate annual incidence of SCA/D. Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, BIOSIS, Scopus, SPORT discus, PEDro, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched from inception to dates between 2/21/19–7/29/19. Study Selection: Studies which reported incidence of SCA/D or both in athletes, or military members under age 40 were eligible for inclusion. 40 studies were identified for inclusion Data Extraction: Risk of bias was assessed using a validated, customized tool for prevalence studies in all included studies. 12 were found to be low ROB, with the remaining 28 moderate or high ROB. Data was extracted for narrative review, and meta-analysis. Data Synthesis: Random-effects meta-analysis was performed in studies judged to be low risk of bias in two separate categories: 5 studies on regional or national level data including athletes at all levels, and both sexes included 130 events of SCD, with a total of 11,272,560 athlete years showing a cumulative incidence rate of 0.98 [95%CI: 0.62, 1.53] per 100,000 athlete years, with high heterogeneity with I2 of 78%; 3 Studies on competitive athletes aged 14 to 25 were combined, and included 183 events, and 17,798758 athlete years showing an incidence rate of 1.91[95%CI: 0.71; 5.14] per 100,000 athlete years with high heterogeneity with I2 of 97%. The remaining low risk of bias studies were in military members, and were not synthesized. Conclusion: The worldwide incidence of SCD is a rare event. Low risk of bias studies indicate incidence to be below 2 per 100,000 athlete years. Overall, the quality of the evidence available is low, but there are high quality individual studies to inform the question of incidence levels. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42019125560