Dipeptidyl peptidase-like proteins (DPLs) and Kv-channel interacting proteins (KChIPs) join Kv4 pore-forming subunits to form multi-protein complexes that underlie subthreshold A-type currents (I SA ) in neuronal somatodendritic compartments. Here, we characterize the functional effects and brain distributions of N-terminal variants belonging to the DPL dipeptidyl peptidase 10 (DPP10). In the Kv4.2+KChIP3+DPP10 channel complex, all DPP10 variants accelerate channel gating kinetics; however, the splice variant DPP10a produces uniquely fast inactivation kinetics that accelerates with increasing depolarization. This DPP10a-specific inactivation dominates in coexpression studies with KChIP4a and other DPP10 isoforms. Real-time qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses reveal differential expression of DPP10 variants in rat brain. DPP10a transcripts are prominently expressed in the cortex, whereas DPP10c and DPP10d mRNAs exhibit more diffuse distributions. Our results suggest that DPP10a underlies rapid inactivation of cortical I SA , and the regulation of isoform expression may contribute to the variable inactivation properties of I SA across different brain regions.

The somatodendritic A-current, I SA , in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons regulates the processing of synaptic inputs and the amplitude of back propagating action potentials into the dendritic tree, as well as the action potential firing properties at the soma. In this study, we have used RNA interference and over-expression to show that expression of the Kv4.2 gene specifically regulates the I SA component of A-current in these neurons. In dissociated hippocampal pyramidal neuron cultures, or organotypic cultured CA1 pyramidal neurons, the expression level of Kv4.2 is such that the I SA channels are maintained in the population at a peak conductance of approximately 950 pS/pF. Suppression of Kv4.2 transcripts in hippocampal pyramidal neurons using an RNA interference vector suppresses I SA current by 60% in 2 days, similar to the effect of expressing dominant-negative Kv4 channel constructs. Increasing the expression of Kv4.2 in these neurons increases the level of I SA to 170% of the normal set point without altering the biophysical properties. Our results establish a specific role for native Kv4.2 transcripts in forming and maintaining I SA current at characteristic levels in hippocampal pyramidal neurons.