The purpose of Experiment 1 was to examine the relative effect of 2 types of managerial accounts-a causal account, in which the decision maker minimizes personal responsibility, and an ideological account, in which the decision maker assumes responsibility and provides a justification-on White male observers' perceptions of interactional fairness following a sex-based promotion decision. Results showed that, compared with either the causal account or a control condition, men perceived significantly more interactional fairness in the ideological account condition. In Experiment 2, the justification and responsibility dimensions that were intentionally confounded in the ideological account in Experiment 1 were separated. Results showed that providing an adequate justification was both necessary and sufficient to influence perceptions of interactional fairness.Managers are often concerned with their image as a fair leader among employees and other organizational constituents (Greenberg, 1990a). However, being perceived as a fair leader is becoming particularly challenging in the workplace in light of dwindling resources. For example, because of economic pressures, managers must more often make resource allocation decisions that have undesirable consequences for employees (e.g., layoffs and budget cutbacks). In the eyes of some individuals, being perceived as fair may also be increasingly difficult because of government-legislated affirmative action (AA) programs designed to create equal employment opportunities for members of designated groups.The purpose of the present set of studies was to examine the influence of managerial accounts on White men's perceptions of interactional fairness in the context of an AA

Here we provide a picture of transport in quantum well heterostructures with a periodic driving field in terms of a probabilistic occupation of the topologically protected edge states in the system. This is done by generalizing methods from the field of photon assisted tunneling. We show that the time dependent field dresses the underlying Hamiltonian of the heterostructure and splits the system into side-bands. Each of these sidebands is occupied with a certain probability which depends on the drive frequency and strength. This leads to a reduction in the topological transport signatures of the system because of the probability to absorb/emit a photon. Therefore when the voltage is tuned to the bulk gap the conductance is smaller then the expected 2e 2 /h. We refer to this as photon inhibited topological transport. Nevertheless, the edge modes reveal their topological origin in the robustness of the edge conductance to disorder and changes in model parameters. In this work the analogy with photon assisted tunneling allows us to interpret the calculated conductivity and explain the sum rule observed by previous authors [1] Introduction.-Topological states of matter are currently at the forefront of research in condensed matter physics. From the quantum hall effect to topological superconductors, these states are of interest for a variety of reasons. In topological insulators the in-gap edge states are of primary interest. These states are topologically protected, meaning they are insensitive to deformations of the Hamiltonian's parameters that leave the topological gap intact and the effects of disorder. The existence of such states provides a physical signature of the topology in the charge and spin conductance.

Motivated by the recent article of P. Shea et al. [Am. J. Phys. 77 (6), 2009] we examine the exactly solvable problem of two harmonically trapped ultra-cold bosonic atoms interacting via a short range potential in one and two dimensions. A straightforward application in one dimension shows that the energy spectrum is universal, provided that the range of the potential is much smaller than the oscillator length, in addition to clearly illustrating why regularization is not required in the limit of zero range. The two dimensional problem is less trivial, requiring a more careful treatment as compared to the one dimensional case. Our two dimensional analysis likewise reveals that the low-energy physics is also universal, in addition to providing a simple method for obtaining the appropriately regularized two dimensional pseudopotential.

Floquet topological insulators are systems in which the topology emerges out of equilibrium when a time periodic perturbation is applied. In these systems one can define quasi-energy states which replace the quilibrium stationary states. The system exhibits its non-trivial topology by developing edge localized quasi-energy states which lie in a gap of the quasi energy spectrum. These states represent a non-equilibrium analogue of the topologically protected edge-states in equilibrium topological insulators. In equilibrium these edge-states lead to very specific transport properties, in particular the two-terminal conductivity of these systems is 2e 2 /h. Here we explore the transport properties of the edge-states in a Floquet topological insulator. In stark contrast to the equilibrium result, we find that the two terminal conductivity of these edge states is significantly different from 2e 2 /h. This fact notwithstanding, we find that for certain external potential strengths the conductivity is smaller than 2e 2 /h and robust to the effects of disorder and smooth changes to the Hamiltonian's parameters. This robustness is reminiscent of the robustness found in equilibrium topological insulators. We provide an intuitive understanding of the reduction of the conductivity in terms of scattering by photons. This leads us to consider a previously proposed Floquet sum rule [1] which recovers the equilibrium value of 2e 2 /h for the conductivity when edge states are present. We show that this sum rule holds in our system using both numerical and analytic techniques.

In this paper we study the phase diagram of a disordered, spin-orbit coupled superconductor with s-wave or d + id-wave pairing symmetry in symmetry class D. We analyze the topological phase transitions by applying three different methods which include a disorder averaged entanglement entropy, a disorder averaged real-space Chern number, and an evaluation of the momentum space Chern number in a disorder averaged effective model. We find evidence for a disorder-induced topological state. While in the clean limit there is a single phase transition from a trivial phase with a Chern number C = 4 to a topological phase with C = 1, in the disordered system there is an intermediate phase with C = 3. The phase transition from the trivial C = 4 phase into the intermediate phase with C = 3 is seen in the real-space calculation of the Chern number. In spite of this, this phase transition is not detectable in the entanglement entropy. A second phase transition from the disorder induced C = 3 into the C = 1 phase is seen in all three quantities.