Currently, large levels of practice variability exist regarding the clinical deactivation of trigger points. Manual physical therapy has been identified as a potential means of resolving active trigger points; however, to date the ideal treatment approach has yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this clinical trial was to compare the effects of two manual treatment regimens on individuals with upper trapezius trigger points. Sixty patients, 19-38 years of age with non-specific neck pain and upper trapezius trigger points, were randomized into one of two, 4 week physical therapy programs. One group received muscle energy techniques while the second group received an integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique (INIT) consisting of muscle energy techniques, ischemic compression, and strain-counterstrain (SCS). Outcomes including a visual analog pain scale (VAS), the neck disability index (NDI), and lateral cervical flexion range of motion (ROM) were collected at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks after the initiation of therapy. Results revealed large pre-post-effect sizes within the INIT group (Cohen's d 5 0.97, 0.94 and 0.97). Additionally, significantly greater improvements in pain and neck disability and lateral cervical flexion ROM were detected in favor of the INIT group (0.29-0.57, 0.57-1.12 and 0.29-0.57) at a 95% CI respectively. The findings of this study indicate the potential benefit of an integrated approach in deactivating upper trapezius trigger points. Further research should be performed to investigate the long-term benefits of the current treatment approach.
Introduction: Obesity may be defined as abnormal growth of adipose tissue due to an enlargement of fat cell size, increase in fat cell number or combination of both. It is often expressed in terms of BMI. Fartlek connotes speed play, which is a training method that combines continuous training with interval training. Fartlek training has shown to increase or maintain VO2 max and decrease RHR in athletes hence this study is conducted to see its effectiveness in obese population. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of Fartlek training on maximum oxygen consumption and on resting heart rate. Method: The study includes 47 males of class 1 Obesity between the age group of 18 to 25 years. The pre-test was conducted for all the subjects on day 1, immediately after the pre-test, Fartlek training was given for 4 days per week for 4 weeks. Posttest was conducted on next day of end of intervention. Data analysis was done using paired t test. Outcome measures: Maximum Oxygen Consumption -Queens college step up test, Resting Heart Rate-Azumio instant heart rate monitor. Result: Result showed that fartlek training was effective both clinically as well as statistically. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was significant effect of fartlek training on maximum oxygen consumption (p value-0.00) and resting heart rate in young obese males (p value 0.00). Key words: Fartlek training, Obesity, Maximum oxygen consumption, resting heart rate, Queens college step up test, Azumio instant heart rate monitor.
Background: Swimming is an exercise modality that is highly suitable for health promotion, disease prevention, and is one the most popular, practiced as well as most recommended form of physical activity. The heart rate recovery is said to be an important predictor of cardiovascular diseases in diseased and general population. Likewise, the Direct measurement of whole-body maximal oxygen (VO2 max) is considered as gold standard when assessing cardiorespiratory fitness. Treadmill based Bruce protocol test is valid and reliable for assessing body’s aerobic capacity. Borg RPE scale is used to monitor perceived exertion during specific stages of exercises. Method: In this Observational study 47 well-trained freestyle male swimmers between the age group of 18-30 were selected by using simple random sampling technique. After noting the baseline data, the participants were asked to perform Treadmill test according to Bruce Protocol. After cessation of the test, the HRR in the first 30 seconds, Fatigue using Borg based RPE scale and VO2 max of the participants were noted. Result: The results show that the correlation between HRR and Fatigue was recorded as -0.773 and the correlation between HRR and VO2MAX was recorded as 0.949 which is statically significant with non-linear and linear association between them respectively. Conclusion: This concludes that there is indirect relationship between HRR and Fatigue, and direct relationship between HRR and VO2 max. Key words: Swimmers, Heart rate recovery, fatigue, VO2 Max, Bruce Protocol.
Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy [DPN] is one of the long-term complications of diabetes caused by peripheral motor and sensory nerve disfunction. The estimated prevalence globally of DPN is 13-68%.[3] Around 50% of diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffer from neuropathy. DPN disturbs the sensory and motor control system which eventually generation and control of the gait. Gait mechanics may be affected as a result. Reduce ROM, muscle strength and changes in gait mechanics [gait cycle, reduced cadence and gait speed] can lead to reduce mobility and increase fall of risk. Sensory and motor deficit are affected due to somatosensory changes which lead to continuous falling during activities of daily living. Aim: To study the effect of balance and core strengthening exercise on fall, activities of daily living and quality of life in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methodology: The nature of the study and the intervention were explained to the participants. Their informed written consent were taken. 51 participants were selected based on the selection criteria. Prior and after the treatment the outcome measures that is Fall efficacy scale, Instrumental activities of daily living and Nottingham health profile were taken. Intervention protocol was given for 1 hour, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Outcome measures: Prior and after the treatment both the outcome measures, Fall efficacy scale, Instrumental activities of daily living and Nottingham health profile were taken. Results: In reference to the results of the Wilcoxon test analysis at 5% significance level, there is a significant statistical reliable difference between the pre & post treatment values with p-value is less than the 5% significance level (i.e., 0.001 < 0.05) in the study and therefore it justifies the improvements in health outcome post intervention. Conclusion: The present study concluded that balance exercises and core strengthening exercises proved to be beneficial for fall prevention and improving activities of daily living and quality of life in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Key words: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy, Core strengthening, Balance, Risk of fall, Activities of daily living, Quality of life.
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