Bioavailability is defined as the rate and extent of absorption of unchanged drug from its dosage form. The oral bioavailability of drugs with poor solubility and reasonable permeability is limited by the drug dissolution step from drug products. Low aqueous solubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new drugs. The article briefly highlights traditional and novel techniques that are used for solubility enhancement of BCS Class II drugs are discussed in this article. The Traditional techniques include use of co-solvents, hydrotrophy, micronization, change in dielectric constant of solvent, amorphous forms, chemical modification of drug, use of surfactants etc. Novel technologies are size reduction technologies, lipid based delivery system, micellar technologies, solid dispersion and many more.
Background: The world miserably collapsed when the Covid-19 (Coronavirus disease) pandemic was going out of control. The ongoing crisis has damaging effects on the mental health of individuals, predominantly women, in both developed and developing countries. Women in developing countries, both as frontline workers and at home, are at increased risk of mental health problems (specifically mental disorders). A few observational studies related to the Covid-19 pandemic have reported a higher prevalence of mental health problems like stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, fear, delirium, hysteria etc. among women compared to men. Thus, understanding the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on women's mental health are as important to discuss as their physical health effects. Objective: The Unani System of Medicine (USM) has a holistic approach to preventing, treating, and curing mental disorders. The present article aimed to provide an overview of the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on women's mental health and its containment measures described in classical Unani texts besides their relevance in the current outbreak. Materials and Methods: A manual literature survey of classical Unani literature such as Firdaus al hikmat, Al Qanoon fit tib, Zakheera Khwarzam Shahi, and Kamilus Sana was conducted to collect the information available on the strategic approaches of health promotion and disease prevention in Unani Medicine. To obtain the appropriate English equivalent words for Unani terms and the scientific name of the drugs, “Standard Unani Medical Terminology” and “Classification of Unani Drugs” were consulted, respectively. Many pharmacological books and papers were considered from PubMed, Google Scholar etc. Results: According to the literature review results, Unani doctors have pushed the adoption of personalised and predictive methods for preserving health and preventing diseases. The main focus is to treat the fragile population, i.e., women affected by mental illnesses. Conclusion: The present article emphasizes the mental health problems among women provoked by the Covid-19 pandemic, their possible etiopathogenesis, prevention, and psychological, regimental and pharmacological management of the USM.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify and quantify each component in a mixture. The HPLC is suitable for a variety of clinical applications, including pharmaceutical development, legal application such as detecting the Presence of illicit drugs in urine & blood. High-performance liquid chromatography is a technique introduced for the accurate diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies, thalassemias & estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin. The advantage of the HPLC system is the excellent resolution, reproducibility & quantification of several normal & abnormal hemoglobin resulting in accurate diagnosis of thalassemia syndromes. HPLC technique which is used to separate the component in across the two equivalents phases i.e. stationary phases is solid or liuqid supported on a solid which is packed into a column while sample moves in along with mobile phase is liuqid or gas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the HPLC technique in diagnosis of thalassemia syndromes and also correlate it with clinicohematological profile in these cases.
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