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Two novel structural types of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) inhibitors with hexahydroisobenzofuran 11 and 3-oxabicyclo [3.3.1]nonane 12 scaffolds were discovered. These monoterpene-derived compounds were synthesized through preliminary isomerization of (+)-3-carene to (+)-2-carene followed by reaction with heteroaromatic aldehydes. All the compounds inhibit the TDP1 enzyme at micro- and submicromolar levels, with the most potent compound having an IC50 value of 0.65 μM. TDP1 is an important DNA repair enzyme and a promising target for the development of new chemosensitizing agents. A panel of isogenic clones of the HEK293FT cell line knockout for the TDP1 gene was created using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Cytotoxic effects of topotecan (Tpc) and non-cytotoxic compounds of the new structures were investigated separately and jointly in the TDP1 gene knockout cells. For two TDP1 inhibitors, 11h and 12k, a synergistic effect was observed with Tpc in the HEK293FT cells but was not found in TDP1 −/− cells. Thus, it is likely that the synergistic effect is caused by inhibition of TDP1. Synergy was also found for 11h in other cancer cell lines. Thus, sensitizing cancer cells using a non-cytotoxic drug can enhance the efficacy of currently used pharmaceuticals and, concomitantly, reduce toxic side effects.

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Acid-modified halloysite nanotubes were used for the first time as a stereoselective catalyst for synthesis of oxygen-containing heterocycles applying of allyl alcohol (À)-isopulegol condensation with aldehydes to the octahydro-2H-chromenol (4R-and 4S-diastereomers) as an example. The catalysts were characterized by XRF, XRD, N 2 -adsorption, FTIR with pyridine and MAS NMR methods. A high ratio of 4R/4S diastereomers (7.6-14.5) under mild conditions in cyclohexane was considerably exceeding previously reported results. Unprecedented selectivity (79-83 %) to 4R isomer of thiophenyl-substituted chromenol exhibiting high analgesic activity was achieved. An increase in stereoselectivity with a decrease in the halloysite drying temperature and catalyst acidity clearly indicates formation of 4R diastereomer on the weak Brønsted sites. This work is an example that control of the stereoselectivity of acid-catalyzed organic reactions can be effectively carried out by varying water content on the aluminosilicate surface. Modified halloysite nanotubes can be considered as extremely promising catalysts for stereoselective synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.

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