The effect of chemical toxicants from different groups (surfactant, acetone, sodium thiophosphate, waste of pulp, and paper production) is studied on the state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes in the model system (spontaneous low-temperature oxidation of lecithin in a polar medium) and on injection into the organism of laboratory mice. Analysis of the state of the oxidative processes in the model system and in the liver of mice showed that, in systems of varying complexity, chemical toxicants affect the state of the lipid component of membranes depending on the initial intensity of LPO. The effect of toxicants on biological objects causes disturbances in the regulation of lipid peroxidation, regardless of their nature and way of entering the organism and is the main reason for their toxicity.
Following four model systems on the base on the natural lipids to estimate the action of the water medium components on the biological objects were presented by using the earlier obtained data about the similarity functioning of the physicochemical regulatory system of the oxidation processes in the biological objects of varying complexity and the ability of phospholipids to the self-aggregation in the polar medium: the low temperature autoxidation of lecithin in the polar medium, the mathematic analysis of UV-spectra of lecithin and its mixtures with the water medium components by Gauss method, the self-aggregation of lecithin in the different polar medium, the ξ-potential value of the formed particles. As the model toxicants sodium thiophosphate and copper(II) ions were used. Scale of the sodium thiophosphate influence on the lecithin oxidation kinetics is shown to depend on the initial intensity of the lecithin oxidation and composition of its phospholipids. It is agree with the earlier obtained data about the influence of the chemical toxic agents under their intake into the body on the lipid peroxidation state in tissues of animals. In is established that the copper ions participate in the initiation of lecithin oxidation and form complex with its phospholipids. This influences on the ability of lecithin to the self-aggregation and electrophoretic properties of formed particles. Thus, the lipid component lability of the natural lipids allows us to reveal the action of components of the natural medium on the biological systems of various complexity even on the level of the complex biological model systems.
This paper presents a study of the hydrochemical composition and physicochemical properties of natural water samples from various sources in the Voronezh and Moscow regions. Two model systems are proposed for assessing the state of the aquatic environment: UV spectroscopy with spectrum decomposition by the Gauss method and spontaneous aggregation of lecithin in a polar medium. Based on the performed investigation, it was determined that the size of lecithin aggregates decreases, and the value of their zeta potential increases with an increase in the content of hydrophobic compounds in natural water.
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