We have used 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy to study the composition of pine resin balsams from Scotch pines grown in different regions of the Republic of Belarus. We have established that their chemical composition does not depend very much on the region where they are grown or the level of contamination of the forests by radioactive and industrial emissions. Prolonged storage of the balsams leads to a substantial change in their compositions, due to isomerization of the resin acids.
We studied the fatty-acid composition of oils from pine nuts and seeds of common pine using PMR and 13 C NMR and gas chromatography. We found that the main components of the glycerides are palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, γ-linolenic, pinolenic, and cis-9-eicosenoic acids. The oils contain about 2% sn-1,2-diacylglycerides in addition to triglycerides.Introduction. Nut oil from gymnospermous plants of the pine family (Pinaceae) has a unique composition of fatty-acids and fat-soluble biologically active substances. Pine-nut oil (PNO, Pinus sibirica), which is widely used in medicine to treat burns, boils, eczema, psoriasis, stomach ulcers, and other diseases, is the most well-known [1]. Furthermore, PNO can normalize the blood lipid spectrum; has cholesterol-lowering activity; assists the reduction of surplus body mass and, as a result, corrects these risk factors; lowers arterial pressure, etc.[2].The fatty-acid composition of oils is usually established by gas chromatography (GC), which has been used to analyze PNO [2], pine-seed oil (P. pinea) [3], alpine pine (P. halepensis) [4], and Korean pine (P. koraiensis) [5].Much less is known about the composition and useful properties of oil isolated from seeds of common pine (CPSO, P. silvestris L.). We found that all oils ( Table 1) contain glycerides of palmitic [hexadecanoic, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 14 COOH, 1], stearic [octadecanoic, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 COOH, 2], oleic [cis-9-octadecenoic, C 8 H 17 CH=CH(CH 2 ) 7 COOH, 3], linoleic [cis-9-cis-12-octadecadienoic, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 (CH 2 CH=CH) 2 (CH 2 ) 7 COOH, 4], and γ-linolenic [cis-6-cis-9-cis-12-octadecatrienoic, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 (CH 2 CH=CH) 3 (CH 2 ) 4 COOH, 5] acids. Moreover, a glyceride of pinolenic [cis-5-cis-9-cis-12-octadecatrienoic, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 (CH 2 CH=CH) 2 (CH 2 ) 2 CH=CH(CH 2 ) 3 COOH, 6] acid was observed in the last three samples.However, GC requires additional sample preparation and the availability of standards. NMR spectroscopy does not have these disadvantages. The analysis time is about 10 min if spectrometers with superconducting magnets are used. Furthermore, all components of an investigated solution, including those not identified by GC, are found in the NMR spectrum.Our goal was to perform a comparative analysis of PNO and CPSO glycerides by PMR, 13 C NMR, and GC. Experimental. PNO was produced by OOO TPK Aromaty Zhizni (Moscow) by pressing from natural ecologically pure raw material in December 2005. CPSO was isolated by extraction with boiling hexane (100 mL, chemically pure) in a Soxhlet apparatus for 10 h from ground seeds (5 g) collected in Chaussk forest (Belarus) in March 2005 and supplied by Republican Forestry Selective-Seed-Growing Centre. The yield of oil isolated this way was 27% of the air-dried weight of seeds.A HP 4890 D (USA) gas chromatograph with a capillary column (internal diameter 0.32 mm, length 30 m, Innowax stationary liquid phase) equipped with a flame-ionization detector was used.
Живица сосновая, собранная в результате подсочки сосны обыкновенной, и полученная из нее природная смола канифоль живичная, как большинство натуральных продуктов, отличаются нестабильностью химического состава и непостоянством физико-химических свойств.Цель работыразработать методику определения качественного и количественного состава образцов живицы сосновой и канифоли живичной, основанную на использовании метода ядерного магнитного резонанса (ЯМР).Получены данные по идентификации методом ЯМР-спектроскопии индивидуальных смоляных кислот. Установлено, что наиболее удобными и информативными областями спектров ЯМР для анализа химического состава канифоли являются области ароматических и олефиновых протонов (5,0-7,0 м.д.). Определен химический состав комплекса смоляных кислот, составляющих живицу сосновую и канифоль. Для оценки достоверности полученных результатов проведены сравнительные исследования методом ГЖХ. Сходимость значений представленных методов свидетельствует об эффективности ЯМР-анализа для определения химического состава смоляных кислот, присутствующих в живице сосновой и канифоли живичной.
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